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23
0
Nikolay
06/10/2025
Physics
AQA A Level Physics 6.2 Thermal Physics
376
•
6 Oct 2025
•
Nikolay
@nikolay
Thermal physics explores heat transfer, specific heat capacity, and gas... Show more
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_1.webp&w=2048&q=75)
This page introduces the fundamental equation Q = mcΔT for calculating heat energy transfer and temperature changes. It explains the concept of specific heat capacity and its application in various scenarios.
Definition: Specific heat capacity is the energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°C.
The page covers:
Example: Water has a specific heat capacity of 4200 J/kg/K, while copper has 390 J/kg/K, illustrating why water requires more energy to heat up.
Highlight: The concept of heat capacity (not specific) is introduced, which is the energy required to change the temperature of an entire object by 1 K or 1°C.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_2.webp&w=2048&q=75)
This page delves into the concept of specific latent heat and its relationship to phase changes. It also introduces the idea of internal energy in thermodynamic systems.
Vocabulary: Specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
The page covers:
Example: The process of cooling by evaporation is explained, showing how faster molecules escape from a liquid, lowering the average kinetic energy and thus the temperature of the remaining liquid.
Highlight: Internal energy is defined as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all particles in a system.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_3.webp&w=2048&q=75)
This page introduces the First Law of Thermodynamics and explores the properties of ideal gases. It also covers experimental methods for measuring specific latent heat.
Definition: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that Q = ΔU + W, where Q is heat added to the system, ΔU is the change in internal energy, and W is work done by the system.
The page covers:
Example: A practical setup for measuring specific latent heat of vaporization is described, using an electric heater and a balance to measure mass loss.
Highlight: The ideal gas model assumes molecules are far apart and have negligible intermolecular forces except during collisions.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_4.webp&w=2048&q=75)
This page expands on the ideal gas laws and introduces the kinetic theory of gases. It covers the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases.
Vocabulary: The mole is a unit of measurement equal to 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).
The page covers:
Example: The root mean square (RMS) speed of gas molecules is introduced as a key concept in the kinetic gas equation.
Highlight: The kinetic gas equation PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2 relates macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic motion of particles.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_5.webp&w=2048&q=75)
This page provides a detailed derivation of the kinetic gas equation, connecting the macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic behavior of particles.
Definition: The root mean square (RMS) speed is the square root of the mean of the squared velocities of all particles in a gas.
The page covers:
Example: The derivation shows how the pressure exerted by gas particles on a container wall is related to their mass, velocity, and frequency of collisions.
Highlight: The final form of the kinetic gas equation, PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2, emerges from considering the average behavior of many particles in three dimensions.
![Thermal Physics
Q=mcAT
means
Q: heat
AT= Q
mc
: energy
"Specific"
Heating 2 different things:
per
mi mass
[kg]
C: specific heart capacity [J](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent-eu-central-1.knowunity.com%2FCONTENT%2FqFGiSBprmjvjPTroEGit_image_page_6.webp&w=2048&q=75)
Thermal Physics A Level covers essential concepts for understanding heat transfer, energy changes, and gas behavior.
Key points include:
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Nikolay
@nikolay
Thermal physics explores heat transfer, specific heat capacity, and gas laws. This guide covers key concepts including calculating specific heat capacity in thermal physics, understanding specific latent heat of vaporization, and exploring the ideal gas law in thermodynamics... Show more
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
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This page introduces the fundamental equation Q = mcΔT for calculating heat energy transfer and temperature changes. It explains the concept of specific heat capacity and its application in various scenarios.
Definition: Specific heat capacity is the energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K or 1°C.
The page covers:
Example: Water has a specific heat capacity of 4200 J/kg/K, while copper has 390 J/kg/K, illustrating why water requires more energy to heat up.
Highlight: The concept of heat capacity (not specific) is introduced, which is the energy required to change the temperature of an entire object by 1 K or 1°C.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page delves into the concept of specific latent heat and its relationship to phase changes. It also introduces the idea of internal energy in thermodynamic systems.
Vocabulary: Specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
The page covers:
Example: The process of cooling by evaporation is explained, showing how faster molecules escape from a liquid, lowering the average kinetic energy and thus the temperature of the remaining liquid.
Highlight: Internal energy is defined as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all particles in a system.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page introduces the First Law of Thermodynamics and explores the properties of ideal gases. It also covers experimental methods for measuring specific latent heat.
Definition: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that Q = ΔU + W, where Q is heat added to the system, ΔU is the change in internal energy, and W is work done by the system.
The page covers:
Example: A practical setup for measuring specific latent heat of vaporization is described, using an electric heater and a balance to measure mass loss.
Highlight: The ideal gas model assumes molecules are far apart and have negligible intermolecular forces except during collisions.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page expands on the ideal gas laws and introduces the kinetic theory of gases. It covers the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases.
Vocabulary: The mole is a unit of measurement equal to 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).
The page covers:
Example: The root mean square (RMS) speed of gas molecules is introduced as a key concept in the kinetic gas equation.
Highlight: The kinetic gas equation PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2 relates macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic motion of particles.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page provides a detailed derivation of the kinetic gas equation, connecting the macroscopic properties of gases to the microscopic behavior of particles.
Definition: The root mean square (RMS) speed is the square root of the mean of the squared velocities of all particles in a gas.
The page covers:
Example: The derivation shows how the pressure exerted by gas particles on a container wall is related to their mass, velocity, and frequency of collisions.
Highlight: The final form of the kinetic gas equation, PV = 1/3 NmC_RMS^2, emerges from considering the average behavior of many particles in three dimensions.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Thermal Physics A Level covers essential concepts for understanding heat transfer, energy changes, and gas behavior.
Key points include:
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
