Types of Radiation

Alpha rays carry a +2 charge and are attracted to negatively charged plates called cathodes. They're generally large and slow-moving particles that can cause damage to body tissue if swallowed. You might be surprised to learn they're commonly found in household fire alarms!

Beta rays carry a -1 charge and move much faster than alpha particles. Despite being potentially harmful to body tissue if swallowed, they have important medical applications. When injected into the bloodstream, they can help doctors locate blood clots. Beta rays often come from atoms with too many neutrons.

Gamma rays have no charge (0) and are massless, allowing them to travel at the speed of light. They can travel long distances and are powerful enough to destroy living cells upon exposure. This destructive power isn't always bad though - gamma rays are sometimes used beneficially to remove cancer cells and disinfect drinking water.

Did you know? The three main types of radiation are named after the first three letters of the Greek alphabet: Alpha (α), Beta (β), and Gamma (γ).