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Essential Irish Vocabulary Guide

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Isabelle Kay@isabellekay
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Learning Irish vocabulary becomes much easier when you organise words into themed groups. This mind map approach helps you connect related words and build your Irish language skills step by step.
Irish vocab – page 1

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Animals and Months Vocabulary

Animals (ainmhithe) are brilliant starter words for Irish learners because they're easy to remember and use in everyday conversation. You've got common pets like cat (cat - same as English!), dog (madra), and hamster (hamstar).

Farm animals include cow (bó), sheep (caoire), horse (capall), and pig (muc). Don't worry if the spellings look tricky at first - Irish follows different spelling patterns than English, but you'll get used to them with practice.

The months (míonna) follow a pattern too. Some are quite similar to English like October (Deireadh Fómhair) and November (Samhain), whilst others like May (Bealtaine) and February (Feabhra) need more memorising.

Top tip: Practice saying these words out loud - Irish pronunciation is more phonetic than English once you learn the basic rules!

Irish vocab – page 2

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Family and Basic Grammar

Family words (teaghlach) are essential for talking about yourself in Irish. You'll use dad (daid), brother (dearthair), sister (deirfiúr), grandad (daideó), and grandma (mamó) constantly in conversation.

The key grammar structures here revolve around the verb "to be." Tá sé means "he is" and tá sí means "she is." When talking about the past, bhí mé means "I was" - notice how the verb changes form completely.

Possession works differently in Irish. Instead of saying "I have," you say tá agam (literally "is at me"). Tá mé i mo chónaí le means "I live with" - super useful for describing your family situation.

Remember: Irish word order and grammar patterns are quite different from English, but these basic phrases will get you started with confidence!

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