Trh je ako obrovské tržisko, kde sa kupujúci a predávajúci... Show more
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Updated Mar 21, 2026
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Ako funguje trh a mechanizmus dopytu a ponuky
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Trh a trhový mechanizmus
Predstav si trh ako miesto, kde sa stretávajú ľudia, čo chcú niečo kúpiť, s tými, čo to chcú predať. Nemusí to byť fyzické miesto - môže ísť aj o internetový obchod alebo aplikáciu.
Trhový mechanizmus je v podstate neviditeľná ruka, ktorá automaticky určuje ceny. Funguje to tak, že keď sa ponuka (predávajúci) stretne s dopytom (kupujúci), vznikne cena, pri ktorej sú obaja spokojní.
Kľúčové je pochopiť zákon dopytu - keď niečo zdražie, ľudia si toho kúpia menej. A zákon ponuky - keď niečo zdražie, predávajúci sú ochotní predať viac, lebo zarábajú lepšie.
💡 Tip na zapamätanie: Krivka dopytu vždy klesá , krivka ponuky vždy stúpa .
Faktory ovplyvňujúce dopyt a ponuku
Dopyt sa mení nielen kvôli cene. Ak máš viac peňazí, kúpiš si pravdepodobne viac vecí. Keď je niečo v móde, všetci to chcú. A ak očakávaš, že iPhone budúci mesiac zdražie, kúpiš si ho radšej teraz.
Ponuku ovplyvňujú hlavne náklady na výrobu. Keď sa zvýšia ceny materiálov alebo mzdy, firmy vyrobia menej. Naopak, lepšia technológia umožní vyrobiť viac za menej peňazí.
Dôležité je rozlišovať posun po krivke (mení sa len cena) a posun celej krivky (mení sa iný faktor ako príjem či technológia).
⚡ Pozor na časté chyby: Na teste si daj pozor - zmena ceny = posun PO krivke, zmena príjmu/technológie = posun CELEJ krivky!
Rovnováha na trhu
Rovnovážna cena je tá "správna" cena, pri ktorej sa predá presne toľko, koľko si chcú ľudia kúpiť. Niet prebytku ani nedostatku.
Keď je cena príliš vysoká, vznikne prebytok - predávajúci majú plné sklady, lebo si ľudia nekupujú. Musia znížiť ceny. Keď je cena príliš nízka, vznikne nedostatok - všetci chcú kúpiť, ale tovaru nie je dosť. Ceny sa zvýšia.
Tento proces funguje automaticky - trh sa "sám opravuje" a hľadá svoju rovnováhu. Je to ako váhy, ktoré sa snažia dostať do horizontálnej polohy.
🎯 Pre výpočty: Rovnováha = QD = QS. Dos rovnice do rovnosti a vyriešiš pre P, potom dosadíš späť pre Q.
Trhové štruktúry
Nie všetky trhy sú rovnaké. Dokonalá konkurencia je ideál - veľa firiem, rovnaký produkt, nikto neovplyvňuje ceny. V realite ju takmer nenájdeš.
Monopol je opak - jedna firma, žiadna konkurencia, môže si diktovať ceny. Na Slovensku je to napríklad dodávateľ vody v tvojom meste.
Oligopol znamená niekoľko veľkých hráčov. Pozri si mobilných operátorov - Orange, Telekom, O2, 4ka. Ich rozhodnutia sa navzájom ovplyvňujú.
Monopolistická konkurencia je najbežnejšia - veľa firiem, ale každá ponúka trochu iný produkt. Reštaurácie, kaderníctva, značky oblečenia.
📊 Na test: Nauč sa tabuľku trhových štruktúr - počet firiem, typ produktu, kontrolu nad cenou a príklady zo Slovenska.
Praktické príklady a výpočty
Keď vláda zvýši minimálnu mzdu, ľudia majú viac peňazí. To zvyšuje dopyt po normálnych tovaroch (autá, elektronika) - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny aj množstvá stúpnu.
Keď firmy dostanú novú technológiu, znížia sa náklady na výrobu. Ponuka sa zvýši - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny klesnú, ale predá sa viac.
Pre výpočty si zapamätaj: v rovnováhe QD = QS. Napríklad ak QD = 100-2P a QS = 10+P, dos do rovnosti: 100-2P = 10+P, vyriešiš 90 = 3P, takže P = 30.
🧮 Výpočtový tip: Vždy si skontroluj výsledok - dosať rovnovážnu cenu do oboch rovníc a musíš dostať rovnaké Q.
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Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
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The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
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Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Ako funguje trh a mechanizmus dopytu a ponuky
Trh je ako obrovské tržisko, kde sa kupujúci a predávajúci stretávają každý deň - len nie vždy fyzicky. Rozumieť tomu, ako funguje trhový mechanizmus, ti pomôže pochopiť, prečo majú veci také ceny, aké majú, a prečo sa tieto ceny menia.
Trh a trhový mechanizmus
Predstav si trh ako miesto, kde sa stretávajú ľudia, čo chcú niečo kúpiť, s tými, čo to chcú predať. Nemusí to byť fyzické miesto - môže ísť aj o internetový obchod alebo aplikáciu.
Trhový mechanizmus je v podstate neviditeľná ruka, ktorá automaticky určuje ceny. Funguje to tak, že keď sa ponuka (predávajúci) stretne s dopytom (kupujúci), vznikne cena, pri ktorej sú obaja spokojní.
Kľúčové je pochopiť zákon dopytu - keď niečo zdražie, ľudia si toho kúpia menej. A zákon ponuky - keď niečo zdražie, predávajúci sú ochotní predať viac, lebo zarábajú lepšie.
💡 Tip na zapamätanie: Krivka dopytu vždy klesá , krivka ponuky vždy stúpa .
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Faktory ovplyvňujúce dopyt a ponuku
Dopyt sa mení nielen kvôli cene. Ak máš viac peňazí, kúpiš si pravdepodobne viac vecí. Keď je niečo v móde, všetci to chcú. A ak očakávaš, že iPhone budúci mesiac zdražie, kúpiš si ho radšej teraz.
Ponuku ovplyvňujú hlavne náklady na výrobu. Keď sa zvýšia ceny materiálov alebo mzdy, firmy vyrobia menej. Naopak, lepšia technológia umožní vyrobiť viac za menej peňazí.
Dôležité je rozlišovať posun po krivke (mení sa len cena) a posun celej krivky (mení sa iný faktor ako príjem či technológia).
⚡ Pozor na časté chyby: Na teste si daj pozor - zmena ceny = posun PO krivke, zmena príjmu/technológie = posun CELEJ krivky!
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Rovnováha na trhu
Rovnovážna cena je tá "správna" cena, pri ktorej sa predá presne toľko, koľko si chcú ľudia kúpiť. Niet prebytku ani nedostatku.
Keď je cena príliš vysoká, vznikne prebytok - predávajúci majú plné sklady, lebo si ľudia nekupujú. Musia znížiť ceny. Keď je cena príliš nízka, vznikne nedostatok - všetci chcú kúpiť, ale tovaru nie je dosť. Ceny sa zvýšia.
Tento proces funguje automaticky - trh sa "sám opravuje" a hľadá svoju rovnováhu. Je to ako váhy, ktoré sa snažia dostať do horizontálnej polohy.
🎯 Pre výpočty: Rovnováha = QD = QS. Dos rovnice do rovnosti a vyriešiš pre P, potom dosadíš späť pre Q.
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Trhové štruktúry
Nie všetky trhy sú rovnaké. Dokonalá konkurencia je ideál - veľa firiem, rovnaký produkt, nikto neovplyvňuje ceny. V realite ju takmer nenájdeš.
Monopol je opak - jedna firma, žiadna konkurencia, môže si diktovať ceny. Na Slovensku je to napríklad dodávateľ vody v tvojom meste.
Oligopol znamená niekoľko veľkých hráčov. Pozri si mobilných operátorov - Orange, Telekom, O2, 4ka. Ich rozhodnutia sa navzájom ovplyvňujú.
Monopolistická konkurencia je najbežnejšia - veľa firiem, ale každá ponúka trochu iný produkt. Reštaurácie, kaderníctva, značky oblečenia.
📊 Na test: Nauč sa tabuľku trhových štruktúr - počet firiem, typ produktu, kontrolu nad cenou a príklady zo Slovenska.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Praktické príklady a výpočty
Keď vláda zvýši minimálnu mzdu, ľudia majú viac peňazí. To zvyšuje dopyt po normálnych tovaroch (autá, elektronika) - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny aj množstvá stúpnu.
Keď firmy dostanú novú technológiu, znížia sa náklady na výrobu. Ponuka sa zvýši - krivka sa posunie doprava, ceny klesnú, ale predá sa viac.
Pre výpočty si zapamätaj: v rovnováhe QD = QS. Napríklad ak QD = 100-2P a QS = 10+P, dos do rovnosti: 100-2P = 10+P, vyriešiš 90 = 3P, takže P = 30.
🧮 Výpočtový tip: Vždy si skontroluj výsledok - dosať rovnovážnu cenu do oboch rovníc a musíš dostať rovnaké Q.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user