Perfekt je najčastejší minulý čas v hovorenej nemčine - používaš... Show more
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Updated Mar 23, 2026
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Ako tvoriť minulý čas Perfekt so slovesami 'haben' a 'sein'
1 / 7
Perfekt - základy a kľúčové pojmy
Keď chceš v nemčine povedať "urobil som" alebo "išiel som", potrebuješ Perfekt. Tvorí sa jednoducho: pomocné sloveso + Partizip II.
Pomocné sloveso môže byť buď haben alebo sein - ale pozor, nie je to na výber! Každé sloveso má svoje pravidlo. Pomocné sloveso sa časuje podľa osoby a stojí na druhom mieste vo vete.
Partizip II je hlavné sloveso, ktoré opisuje, čo sa vlastne stalo. Vždy stojí na konci vety a nikdy sa nemení - je rovnaké pre všetky osoby.
💡 Tip: Partizip II sa nikdy nemení! Mení sa len pomocné sloveso podľa toho, kto robí činnosť.
Pomocné sloveso haben
Väčšina slovies v nemčine používa haben - takže keď si neistý, skús haben a pravdepodobne budeš mať pravdu!
Haben používaš pre prechodné slovesá - tie, ktoré potrebujú predmet. Napríklad: essen (jesť niečo), trinken (piť niečo), lesen (čítať niečo). Tiež pre zvratné slovesá so sich.
Časovanie haben si už určite pamätaš: ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie/Sie haben.
Príklady: Ich habe einen Apfel gegessen. (Zjedol som jablko.) Er hat sich gewaschen. (Umyl sa.)
💡 Pamätaj si: Ak sloveso potrebuje predmet , takmer určite ide s haben!
Pomocné sloveso sein
Sein používaš pre menšiu, ale dôležitú skupinu slovies. Hlavne pre slovesá pohybu a zmeny stavu.
Slovesá pohybu: gehen, fahren, kommen, laufen, schwimmen - všetko, kde sa niekto presúva z jedného miesta na druhé. Slovesá zmeny stavu: werden, einschlafen, aufwachen - keď sa niečo zmení.
Špeciálne slovesá: sein, bleiben a werden vždy idú so sein, bez výnimky.
Príklady: Ich bin nach Hause gegangen. (Išiel som domov.) Sie ist müde geworden. (Unavila sa.)
💡 Jednoduchý trik: Pohyb alebo zmena = sein. Všetko ostatné = haben!
Tvorba Partizip II - pravidelné a nepravidelné slovesá
Pravidelné slovesá sú najjednoduchšie: ge- + kmeň + -t. Napríklad: machen → gemacht, spielen → gespielt, kaufen → gekauft.
Nepravidelné slovesá si musíš zapamätať - menia kmeňovú samohlásku a končia na -en. Vzorec: ge- + zmenený kmeň + -en. Napríklad: gehen → gegangen, essen → gegessen, trinken → getrunken.
Slovesá s neoddeliteľnými predponami nemajú ge-: besuchen → besucht, verstehen → verstanden.
Slovesá na -ieren tiež nemajú ge-: studieren → studiert, telefonieren → telefoniert.
💡 Učenie: Nepravidelné slovesá sa oplatí učiť po malých skupinách - napríklad všetky slovesá jedenia naraz!
Praktické príklady a použitie
Pozrime si konkrétne vety, aby sis to lepšie zapamätal. "Včera som čítal knihu" = Ich habe gestern ein Buch gelesen. (lesen potrebuje predmet → haben)
"Išli sme do kina" = Wir sind ins Kino gegangen. (gehen je pohyb → sein)
"Ona sa stala učiteľkou" = Sie ist Lehrerin geworden. (werden je zmena stavu → sein)
Pri otázkach sa pomocné sloveso presunie na začiatok: Hast du gegessen? Pri zápore nicht stojí pred Partizip II: Ich habe das Buch nicht gelesen.
💡 Pre testy: Zapamätaj si slovesá so sein - je ich menej, takže sa ľahšie učia!
Rýchly súhrn a tipy na zapamätanie
Vzorec Perfektu: pomocné sloveso (2. miesto) + Partizip II (koniec vety)
Haben používaj pre: väčšinu slovies, prechodné slovesá, zvratné slovesá Sein používaj pre: pohyb, zmenu stavu, slovesá sein/bleiben/werden
Partizip II tvorba:
- Pravidelné: ge- + kmeň + -t
- Nepravidelné: ge- + zmenený kmeň + -en
- Bez ge-: slovesá s be-/ver-/ent- a slovesá na -ieren
Keď si neistý, spomeň si na základné pravidlo: pohyb alebo zmena = sein, všetko ostatné = haben.
💡 Pre skúšky: Perfekt je najdôležitejší minulý čas v nemčine - ovládaj ho dobre a budeš mať výhodu!
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
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The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Ako tvoriť minulý čas Perfekt so slovesami 'haben' a 'sein'
Perfekt je najčastejší minulý čas v hovorenej nemčine - používaš ho, keď hovoríš o veciach, ktoré sa už stali. Na rozdiel od slovenčiny potrebuješ v nemčine vždy dve slovesá: pomocné (haben alebo sein) a hlavné sloveso v tvare Partizip II.
Perfekt - základy a kľúčové pojmy
Keď chceš v nemčine povedať "urobil som" alebo "išiel som", potrebuješ Perfekt. Tvorí sa jednoducho: pomocné sloveso + Partizip II.
Pomocné sloveso môže byť buď haben alebo sein - ale pozor, nie je to na výber! Každé sloveso má svoje pravidlo. Pomocné sloveso sa časuje podľa osoby a stojí na druhom mieste vo vete.
Partizip II je hlavné sloveso, ktoré opisuje, čo sa vlastne stalo. Vždy stojí na konci vety a nikdy sa nemení - je rovnaké pre všetky osoby.
💡 Tip: Partizip II sa nikdy nemení! Mení sa len pomocné sloveso podľa toho, kto robí činnosť.
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Pomocné sloveso haben
Väčšina slovies v nemčine používa haben - takže keď si neistý, skús haben a pravdepodobne budeš mať pravdu!
Haben používaš pre prechodné slovesá - tie, ktoré potrebujú predmet. Napríklad: essen (jesť niečo), trinken (piť niečo), lesen (čítať niečo). Tiež pre zvratné slovesá so sich.
Časovanie haben si už určite pamätaš: ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie/Sie haben.
Príklady: Ich habe einen Apfel gegessen. (Zjedol som jablko.) Er hat sich gewaschen. (Umyl sa.)
💡 Pamätaj si: Ak sloveso potrebuje predmet , takmer určite ide s haben!
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Pomocné sloveso sein
Sein používaš pre menšiu, ale dôležitú skupinu slovies. Hlavne pre slovesá pohybu a zmeny stavu.
Slovesá pohybu: gehen, fahren, kommen, laufen, schwimmen - všetko, kde sa niekto presúva z jedného miesta na druhé. Slovesá zmeny stavu: werden, einschlafen, aufwachen - keď sa niečo zmení.
Špeciálne slovesá: sein, bleiben a werden vždy idú so sein, bez výnimky.
Príklady: Ich bin nach Hause gegangen. (Išiel som domov.) Sie ist müde geworden. (Unavila sa.)
💡 Jednoduchý trik: Pohyb alebo zmena = sein. Všetko ostatné = haben!
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Tvorba Partizip II - pravidelné a nepravidelné slovesá
Pravidelné slovesá sú najjednoduchšie: ge- + kmeň + -t. Napríklad: machen → gemacht, spielen → gespielt, kaufen → gekauft.
Nepravidelné slovesá si musíš zapamätať - menia kmeňovú samohlásku a končia na -en. Vzorec: ge- + zmenený kmeň + -en. Napríklad: gehen → gegangen, essen → gegessen, trinken → getrunken.
Slovesá s neoddeliteľnými predponami nemajú ge-: besuchen → besucht, verstehen → verstanden.
Slovesá na -ieren tiež nemajú ge-: studieren → studiert, telefonieren → telefoniert.
💡 Učenie: Nepravidelné slovesá sa oplatí učiť po malých skupinách - napríklad všetky slovesá jedenia naraz!
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Praktické príklady a použitie
Pozrime si konkrétne vety, aby sis to lepšie zapamätal. "Včera som čítal knihu" = Ich habe gestern ein Buch gelesen. (lesen potrebuje predmet → haben)
"Išli sme do kina" = Wir sind ins Kino gegangen. (gehen je pohyb → sein)
"Ona sa stala učiteľkou" = Sie ist Lehrerin geworden. (werden je zmena stavu → sein)
Pri otázkach sa pomocné sloveso presunie na začiatok: Hast du gegessen? Pri zápore nicht stojí pred Partizip II: Ich habe das Buch nicht gelesen.
💡 Pre testy: Zapamätaj si slovesá so sein - je ich menej, takže sa ľahšie učia!
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Rýchly súhrn a tipy na zapamätanie
Vzorec Perfektu: pomocné sloveso (2. miesto) + Partizip II (koniec vety)
Haben používaj pre: väčšinu slovies, prechodné slovesá, zvratné slovesá Sein používaj pre: pohyb, zmenu stavu, slovesá sein/bleiben/werden
Partizip II tvorba:
- Pravidelné: ge- + kmeň + -t
- Nepravidelné: ge- + zmenený kmeň + -en
- Bez ge-: slovesá s be-/ver-/ent- a slovesá na -ieren
Keď si neistý, spomeň si na základné pravidlo: pohyb alebo zmena = sein, všetko ostatné = haben.
💡 Pre skúšky: Perfekt je najdôležitejší minulý čas v nemčine - ovládaj ho dobre a budeš mať výhodu!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user