Tožilnik in dajalnik sta dva ključna sklona v nemščini, ki... Show more
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Updated Apr 7, 2026
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Razumevanje Tožilnika in Dajalnika
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Osnove tožilnika in dajalnika
Zakaj sta ta dva sklona sploh pomembna? Preprosto - povesta ti, kdo kaj počne s čim in komu v stavku.
Tožilnik (Akkusativ) odgovarja na vprašanje "Koga ali kaj?" in označuje tisto, na kar dejanje neposredno vpliva. Primer: "Ich sehe den Mann" - koga vidim? Moškega.
Dajalnik (Dativ) pa odgovarja na "Komu ali čemu?" in označuje osebo ali stvar, ki ima od dejanja korist ali škodo. Primer: "Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch" - komu dam knjigo? Moškemu.
💡 Nasvet: Vprašalnice so tvoj najboljši prijatelj! Vedno se vprašaj "Koga/kaj?" za tožilnik in "Komu/čemu?" za dajalnik.
Sklanjanje členov - tabla, ki jo moraš znati na pamet
Tukaj je ključna tabela, ki si jo moraš zapomniti. Brez nje ne bo šlo.
Za določni člen: imenovalnik (der, die, das), tožilnik (den, die, das), dajalnik (dem, der, dem, den).
Za nedoločni člen: imenovalnik (ein, eine, ein), tožilnik (einen, eine, ein), dajalnik (einem, einer, einem).
Največja past? V tožilniku se spremeni samo moški spol (der → den, ein → einen). V dajalniku pa se spremenijo vsi spoli.
💡 Ključno: V množini dajalnik vedno doda -n na konec samostalnika (den Kindern, den Autos).
Osebni zaimki - ne meš mich in mir!
Tukaj pogosto nastajajo napake, zato pazi.
Najpomembnejši pari: ich → mich (tožilnik) → mir (dajalnik) in du → dich (tožilnik) → dir (dajalnik).
Za tretjo osebo: er → ihn → ihm, sie → sie → ihr, es → es → ihm. Množina pa: wir/ihr → uns/euch → uns/euch (enako za oba sklona).
Če se ti zmeša, spet uporabi vprašanje. "Er hilft mir" - komu pomaga? Meni (mir). "Er sieht mich" - koga vidi? Mene (mich).
💡 Test: "Magst du mich?" vs "Gefällt dir das?" Prvi stavek pove "Imaš me rad?" (koga?), drugi "Ti je všeč?" (komu?).
Kdaj kaj uporabljaš - direktni in indirektni objekti
V stavkih z enim objektom je preprosto. "Ich esse einen Apfel" - kaj jem? Jabolko (tožilnik).
Pri stavkih z dvema objektoma pa velja pravilo vrstnega reda: oseba (dajalnik) pred stvarjo (tožilnik). "Ich gebe meiner Mutter die Blumen" - komu? Mami (dajalnik). Kaj? Rože (tožilnik).
Pomni si strukturo: Osebek - Povedek - Oseba (dajalnik) - Stvar (tožilnik). To deluje skoraj vedno.
Primer: "Der Arzt verschreibt dem Patienten ein Medikament" - zdravnik predpiše (komu?) pacientu (kaj?) zdravilo.
💡 Trik: Če lahko postaviš vprašanje z "komu", gre za dajalnik. Če z "koga/kaj", gre za tožilnik.
Predlogi - tukaj ni izbire!
Nekateri predlogi vedno zahtevajo določen sklon, ne glede na logiko.
Vedno tožilnik: durch, für, gegen, ohne, um. "Ich kaufe ein Geschenk für meinen Bruder" - za svojega brata.
Vedno dajalnik: aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu. "Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Schule" - z avtobusom v šolo.
Te predloge si moraš preprosto zapomniti. Ni druge poti. Naredi si kartice ali ponavljaj na glas.
💡 Mnemonika: Za dajalnik si zapomni "Aus Bei Mit Nach Seit Von Zu" - izgovori to kot pesem.
Posebni glagoli in Wechselpräpositionen
Nekaj glagolov vedno zahteva dajalnik, čeprav se ti morda ne zdi logično.
Glagoli z dajalnikom: helfen (Ich helfe dir), danken (Er dankt mir), gefallen (Das gefällt mir), schmecken (Das schmeckt gut), antworten (Antworte mir!).
Wechselpräpositionen so še posebej zanimivi predlogi, ki lahko stojijo z obema sklonoma. Ključ je v vprašanju:
- Kam? (gibanje) → tožilnik: "Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch"
- Kje? (lokacija) → dajalnik: "Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch"
💡 Življenjski nasvet: Ne prevajaj dobesedno iz slovenščine! "Pomagam ti" = "Ich helfe dir" (dajalnik), ne tožilnik.
Hitri povzetek za teste
Ko se pripravljaš na test, si zapomni te ključne točke:
Tožilnik: Koga/kaj? Direktni objekt, predlogi für/durch/gegen/ohne/um, spremeni se samo moški spol (der→den, ein→einen).
Dajalnik: Komu/čemu? Indirektni objekt, predlogi aus/bei/mit/nach/seit/von/zu, posebni glagoli, spremenijo se vsi spoli.
Vrstni red: Oseba (dajalnik) pred stvarjo (tožilnik). "Er gibt dem Freund das Geschenk."
Wechselpräpositionen: Kam? = tožilnik, Kje? = dajalnik.
💡 Za izpit: Če se ti zmeša, postavi vprašanje. To je 90% rešitve za pravilni sklon.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Razumevanje Tožilnika in Dajalnika
Tožilnik in dajalnik sta dva ključna sklona v nemščini, ki določata, kdo prejme dejanje in kaj je predmet tega dejanja. Če razumeš, kdaj uporabiti katerega, boš že naredil velik korak k boljši nemščini.
Osnove tožilnika in dajalnika
Zakaj sta ta dva sklona sploh pomembna? Preprosto - povesta ti, kdo kaj počne s čim in komu v stavku.
Tožilnik (Akkusativ) odgovarja na vprašanje "Koga ali kaj?" in označuje tisto, na kar dejanje neposredno vpliva. Primer: "Ich sehe den Mann" - koga vidim? Moškega.
Dajalnik (Dativ) pa odgovarja na "Komu ali čemu?" in označuje osebo ali stvar, ki ima od dejanja korist ali škodo. Primer: "Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch" - komu dam knjigo? Moškemu.
💡 Nasvet: Vprašalnice so tvoj najboljši prijatelj! Vedno se vprašaj "Koga/kaj?" za tožilnik in "Komu/čemu?" za dajalnik.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Sklanjanje členov - tabla, ki jo moraš znati na pamet
Tukaj je ključna tabela, ki si jo moraš zapomniti. Brez nje ne bo šlo.
Za določni člen: imenovalnik (der, die, das), tožilnik (den, die, das), dajalnik (dem, der, dem, den).
Za nedoločni člen: imenovalnik (ein, eine, ein), tožilnik (einen, eine, ein), dajalnik (einem, einer, einem).
Največja past? V tožilniku se spremeni samo moški spol (der → den, ein → einen). V dajalniku pa se spremenijo vsi spoli.
💡 Ključno: V množini dajalnik vedno doda -n na konec samostalnika (den Kindern, den Autos).
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Osebni zaimki - ne meš mich in mir!
Tukaj pogosto nastajajo napake, zato pazi.
Najpomembnejši pari: ich → mich (tožilnik) → mir (dajalnik) in du → dich (tožilnik) → dir (dajalnik).
Za tretjo osebo: er → ihn → ihm, sie → sie → ihr, es → es → ihm. Množina pa: wir/ihr → uns/euch → uns/euch (enako za oba sklona).
Če se ti zmeša, spet uporabi vprašanje. "Er hilft mir" - komu pomaga? Meni (mir). "Er sieht mich" - koga vidi? Mene (mich).
💡 Test: "Magst du mich?" vs "Gefällt dir das?" Prvi stavek pove "Imaš me rad?" (koga?), drugi "Ti je všeč?" (komu?).
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Kdaj kaj uporabljaš - direktni in indirektni objekti
V stavkih z enim objektom je preprosto. "Ich esse einen Apfel" - kaj jem? Jabolko (tožilnik).
Pri stavkih z dvema objektoma pa velja pravilo vrstnega reda: oseba (dajalnik) pred stvarjo (tožilnik). "Ich gebe meiner Mutter die Blumen" - komu? Mami (dajalnik). Kaj? Rože (tožilnik).
Pomni si strukturo: Osebek - Povedek - Oseba (dajalnik) - Stvar (tožilnik). To deluje skoraj vedno.
Primer: "Der Arzt verschreibt dem Patienten ein Medikament" - zdravnik predpiše (komu?) pacientu (kaj?) zdravilo.
💡 Trik: Če lahko postaviš vprašanje z "komu", gre za dajalnik. Če z "koga/kaj", gre za tožilnik.
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Predlogi - tukaj ni izbire!
Nekateri predlogi vedno zahtevajo določen sklon, ne glede na logiko.
Vedno tožilnik: durch, für, gegen, ohne, um. "Ich kaufe ein Geschenk für meinen Bruder" - za svojega brata.
Vedno dajalnik: aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu. "Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Schule" - z avtobusom v šolo.
Te predloge si moraš preprosto zapomniti. Ni druge poti. Naredi si kartice ali ponavljaj na glas.
💡 Mnemonika: Za dajalnik si zapomni "Aus Bei Mit Nach Seit Von Zu" - izgovori to kot pesem.
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Posebni glagoli in Wechselpräpositionen
Nekaj glagolov vedno zahteva dajalnik, čeprav se ti morda ne zdi logično.
Glagoli z dajalnikom: helfen (Ich helfe dir), danken (Er dankt mir), gefallen (Das gefällt mir), schmecken (Das schmeckt gut), antworten (Antworte mir!).
Wechselpräpositionen so še posebej zanimivi predlogi, ki lahko stojijo z obema sklonoma. Ključ je v vprašanju:
- Kam? (gibanje) → tožilnik: "Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch"
- Kje? (lokacija) → dajalnik: "Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch"
💡 Življenjski nasvet: Ne prevajaj dobesedno iz slovenščine! "Pomagam ti" = "Ich helfe dir" (dajalnik), ne tožilnik.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hitri povzetek za teste
Ko se pripravljaš na test, si zapomni te ključne točke:
Tožilnik: Koga/kaj? Direktni objekt, predlogi für/durch/gegen/ohne/um, spremeni se samo moški spol (der→den, ein→einen).
Dajalnik: Komu/čemu? Indirektni objekt, predlogi aus/bei/mit/nach/seit/von/zu, posebni glagoli, spremenijo se vsi spoli.
Vrstni red: Oseba (dajalnik) pred stvarjo (tožilnik). "Er gibt dem Freund das Geschenk."
Wechselpräpositionen: Kam? = tožilnik, Kje? = dajalnik.
💡 Za izpit: Če se ti zmeša, postavi vprašanje. To je 90% rešitve za pravilni sklon.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user