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Updated Mar 27, 2026
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Razlika med prokariontskimi in evkariontskimi celicami
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Osnovni pojmi in definicije
Predstavljaj si celico kot miniaturno tovarno - celica je namreč osnovna gradbena in delovna enota vseh živih bitij. Lahko obstaja sama zase ali pa se združuje z drugimi celicami.
Prokariontska celica je preprosta celica brez pravega jedra - njena DNK se prosto plava po celici. Beseda dobesedno pomeni "pred jedrom", ker so se pojavile pred evkariontskimi celicami.
Evkariontska celica pa je kot nadgrajena verzija - ima pravo jedro, kjer skrbno hrani svojo DNK, in polno "mini organov" (organele), ki opravljajo specifične naloge. Citoplazma je želatinasta snov, ki zapolnjuje celico in v kateri se dogajajo vsi življenjski procesi.
💡 Nasvet: Zapomni si: prokariont = PRO-sta (preprosta), evkariont = EU-ropska luksuzna verzija!
Prokariontska celica - preprosto in učinkovito
Bakterije in arheje so mojstri preživetja z minimalno opremo. Njihova celična membrana nadzoruje, kaj gre notri in kaj ven iz celice, celična stena iz peptidoglikana pa jim daje trdnost.
Najbolj zanimivo je nukleoid - območje, kjer se nahaja njihova DNK. To ni pravo jedro, ker nima svoje ovojnice. DNK je običajno ena sama krožna molekula, ki se prosto plava v citoplazmi.
Ribosomi so edine "tovarne" v prokariontskih celicah - izdelujejo beljakovine. So manjši od tistih v evkariontskih celicah, vendar opravijo isto nalogo. Pomembno: nimajo membrane!
Nekatere bakterije imajo tudi bičke za plavanje ali kapsulo za dodatno zaščito. Kljub preprosti zgradbi so izjemno uspešne - najdemo jih povsod!
⚠️ Opozorilo: Ne zamenjaj nukleoid z jedrom - nukleoid NIMA jedrne ovojnice!
Evkariontska celica - celična luksuzna verzija
Evkariontske celice so prave mestne četrti z specializiranimi "stavbami". Jedro je kot mestna hiša - največji organel, obdan z dvojno jedrno ovojnico, kjer je shranjena DNK v obliki kromosomov.
Mitohondrij je celična elektrarna, kjer poteka celično dihanje in se sprošča energija (ATP). Brez njega bi bili kot telefon z izpraznjeno baterijo!
Endoplazmatski retikulum je kot avtocestni sistem celice. Zrnati ER ima ribosome in pomaga pri izdelavi beljakovin, gladki ER pa izdeluje maščobe in razstruja strupene snovi.
Golgijev aparat deluje kot poštni urad - spreminja, sortira in pakira beljakovine za dostavo. Lizosomi so reciklažni centri, ki razgrajujejo odpadke z močnimi encimi.
🔍 Zanimivost: Evkariontske celice so 10-100x večje od prokariontskih - razlika je kot med hišo in blokom!
Posebnosti rastlinskih celic
Rastlinske celice so kot evkariontske celice z dodatno opremo za samostojno življenje. Imajo trdno celično steno iz celuloze, ki jim daje oporo (živalske celice je nimajo!).
Kloroplasti so razlog, zakaj so rastline zelene - tu poteka fotosinteza, kjer svetlobno energijo pretvarjajo v sladkor. To je kot da bi imele lastno sončno elektrarno!
Osrednja vakuola je velik rezervoar za vodo, ki vzdržuje celični tlak (turgor). Ko rastlina venene, se vakuole izpraznijo in rastlina ovene.
Glive imajo celično steno iz hitina (istega materiala kot žuželčji oklepi), alge pa kombinirajo lastnosti rastlin in enoceličarjev.
💡 Pomni: Celična stena ≠ celična membrana! Membrano imajo VSE celice, steno pa le nekatere!
Ključne razlike - kar moraš vedeti za test
Velikost in kompleksnost: Prokariontske celice so majhne in preproste, evkariontske pa velike in kompleksne.
DNK shranjevanje: Prokarionti imajo krožno DNK prosto v nukleoidu, evkarionti pa linearno DNK varno shranjeno v jedru.
Organeli: Prokarionti nimajo z membrano obdanih organelov (samo ribosome), evkarionti pa imajo cel arsenal specializiranih organelov.
Ribosomi: Obe vrsti celic jih imajo (potrebni za beljakovine!), so pa pri prokariontih manjši.
Organizacija: Prokarionti so vedno enocelični, evkarionti pa lahko enocelični (ameba) ali mnogocelični (ti!).
⭐ Za test: Glavna razlika je prisotnost/odsotnost pravega jedra - to je najpogostejše vprašanje!
Hiter povzetek za ponavljanje
Prokarionti = preprosti, brez jedra, DNK v nukleoidu, brez membranskih organelov. Primeri: bakterije, arheje.
Evkarionti = kompleksni, z jedrom, DNK v jedru, polno organelov (mitohondrij, ER, Golgijev aparat...). Primeri: živali, rastline, glive.
Skupno obema: celična membrana, citoplazma, ribosomi, DNK kot dedni material.
Rastlinska vs. živalska celica: Rastlinska ima celično steno, kloroplaste in veliko vakuolo. Živalska tega nima.
Zdaj znaš razlikovati med osnovnimi tipi celic - od najpreproših bakterij do kompleksnih človeških celic. To znanje ti bo pomagalo razumeti, kako deluje življenje na Zemlji!
🎯 Končni nasvet: Naredi si miselni vzorec in poveži vsako vrsto celice z znanim primerom!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Naravoslovje
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Razlika med prokariontskimi in evkariontskimi celicami
Vse živo okoli nas je zgrajeno iz celic - od bakterij v tvojem črevesu do celic v tvojih mišicah. Vendar niso vse celice enake! Osnovno ločimo med dvema glavnima tipoma: prokariontske in evkariontske celice, ki se razlikujejo predvsem po tem,... Show more
Osnovni pojmi in definicije
Predstavljaj si celico kot miniaturno tovarno - celica je namreč osnovna gradbena in delovna enota vseh živih bitij. Lahko obstaja sama zase ali pa se združuje z drugimi celicami.
Prokariontska celica je preprosta celica brez pravega jedra - njena DNK se prosto plava po celici. Beseda dobesedno pomeni "pred jedrom", ker so se pojavile pred evkariontskimi celicami.
Evkariontska celica pa je kot nadgrajena verzija - ima pravo jedro, kjer skrbno hrani svojo DNK, in polno "mini organov" (organele), ki opravljajo specifične naloge. Citoplazma je želatinasta snov, ki zapolnjuje celico in v kateri se dogajajo vsi življenjski procesi.
💡 Nasvet: Zapomni si: prokariont = PRO-sta (preprosta), evkariont = EU-ropska luksuzna verzija!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Prokariontska celica - preprosto in učinkovito
Bakterije in arheje so mojstri preživetja z minimalno opremo. Njihova celična membrana nadzoruje, kaj gre notri in kaj ven iz celice, celična stena iz peptidoglikana pa jim daje trdnost.
Najbolj zanimivo je nukleoid - območje, kjer se nahaja njihova DNK. To ni pravo jedro, ker nima svoje ovojnice. DNK je običajno ena sama krožna molekula, ki se prosto plava v citoplazmi.
Ribosomi so edine "tovarne" v prokariontskih celicah - izdelujejo beljakovine. So manjši od tistih v evkariontskih celicah, vendar opravijo isto nalogo. Pomembno: nimajo membrane!
Nekatere bakterije imajo tudi bičke za plavanje ali kapsulo za dodatno zaščito. Kljub preprosti zgradbi so izjemno uspešne - najdemo jih povsod!
⚠️ Opozorilo: Ne zamenjaj nukleoid z jedrom - nukleoid NIMA jedrne ovojnice!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Evkariontska celica - celična luksuzna verzija
Evkariontske celice so prave mestne četrti z specializiranimi "stavbami". Jedro je kot mestna hiša - največji organel, obdan z dvojno jedrno ovojnico, kjer je shranjena DNK v obliki kromosomov.
Mitohondrij je celična elektrarna, kjer poteka celično dihanje in se sprošča energija (ATP). Brez njega bi bili kot telefon z izpraznjeno baterijo!
Endoplazmatski retikulum je kot avtocestni sistem celice. Zrnati ER ima ribosome in pomaga pri izdelavi beljakovin, gladki ER pa izdeluje maščobe in razstruja strupene snovi.
Golgijev aparat deluje kot poštni urad - spreminja, sortira in pakira beljakovine za dostavo. Lizosomi so reciklažni centri, ki razgrajujejo odpadke z močnimi encimi.
🔍 Zanimivost: Evkariontske celice so 10-100x večje od prokariontskih - razlika je kot med hišo in blokom!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Posebnosti rastlinskih celic
Rastlinske celice so kot evkariontske celice z dodatno opremo za samostojno življenje. Imajo trdno celično steno iz celuloze, ki jim daje oporo (živalske celice je nimajo!).
Kloroplasti so razlog, zakaj so rastline zelene - tu poteka fotosinteza, kjer svetlobno energijo pretvarjajo v sladkor. To je kot da bi imele lastno sončno elektrarno!
Osrednja vakuola je velik rezervoar za vodo, ki vzdržuje celični tlak (turgor). Ko rastlina venene, se vakuole izpraznijo in rastlina ovene.
Glive imajo celično steno iz hitina (istega materiala kot žuželčji oklepi), alge pa kombinirajo lastnosti rastlin in enoceličarjev.
💡 Pomni: Celična stena ≠ celična membrana! Membrano imajo VSE celice, steno pa le nekatere!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključne razlike - kar moraš vedeti za test
Velikost in kompleksnost: Prokariontske celice so majhne in preproste, evkariontske pa velike in kompleksne.
DNK shranjevanje: Prokarionti imajo krožno DNK prosto v nukleoidu, evkarionti pa linearno DNK varno shranjeno v jedru.
Organeli: Prokarionti nimajo z membrano obdanih organelov (samo ribosome), evkarionti pa imajo cel arsenal specializiranih organelov.
Ribosomi: Obe vrsti celic jih imajo (potrebni za beljakovine!), so pa pri prokariontih manjši.
Organizacija: Prokarionti so vedno enocelični, evkarionti pa lahko enocelični (ameba) ali mnogocelični (ti!).
⭐ Za test: Glavna razlika je prisotnost/odsotnost pravega jedra - to je najpogostejše vprašanje!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter povzetek za ponavljanje
Prokarionti = preprosti, brez jedra, DNK v nukleoidu, brez membranskih organelov. Primeri: bakterije, arheje.
Evkarionti = kompleksni, z jedrom, DNK v jedru, polno organelov (mitohondrij, ER, Golgijev aparat...). Primeri: živali, rastline, glive.
Skupno obema: celična membrana, citoplazma, ribosomi, DNK kot dedni material.
Rastlinska vs. živalska celica: Rastlinska ima celično steno, kloroplaste in veliko vakuolo. Živalska tega nima.
Zdaj znaš razlikovati med osnovnimi tipi celic - od najpreproših bakterij do kompleksnih človeških celic. To znanje ti bo pomagalo razumeti, kako deluje življenje na Zemlji!
🎯 Končni nasvet: Naredi si miselni vzorec in poveži vsako vrsto celice z znanim primerom!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Naravoslovje
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user