Mikroorganizmi so drobna živa bitja, ki jih s prostim očesom... Show more
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Updated May 11, 2026
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Svet Mikroorganizmov: Raziskovanje Bakterij in Gliv
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Uvod v mikroorganizme
Mikroorganizmi ali mikrobi so tako majhna živa bitja, da jih lahko vidiš le z mikroskopom. So povsod - v zraku, ki ga dihaš, na tvoji koži, celo v tvojem telesu!
Ne skrbi, to ni grozljivo. Večina mikrobov je popolnoma neškodljivih ali celo koristnih za nas. Brez njih ne bi mogli prebavljati hrane ali uživati jogurta in kruha.
Glavne skupine mikroorganizmov so bakterije, glive (kvasovke in plesni) ter virusi. Vsaka skupina ima svoje posebnosti in vlogo v naravi.
Zanimivost: V tvojem telesu živi več bakterij, kot ima človeštvo skupaj celic!
Bakterije - najštevilčnejši mikrobi
Bakterije so enocelični organizmi brez pravega celičnega jedra. Njihov dedni material prosto plava v citoplazmi, kar jih dela drugačne od naših celic.
Razmnožujejo se bliskovito hitro - z delitvijo se lahko podvojijo vsakih 20 minut! Glede na obliko jih delimo na okrogle (koki), paličaste (bacili) in spiralne (spirili).
Koristne bakterije živijo v tvojem črevesju in pomagajo pri prebavi. Uporabljamo jih tudi za izdelavo jogurta, sira in kisa. Škodljive bakterije pa povzročajo bolezni kot so angina ali salmoneloza.
Pomembno: Antibiotiki delujejo SAMO proti bakterijam, ne proti virusom!
Glive - od kruha do zdravil
Kvasovke so enocelične glive, ki se razmnožujejo z brstenjem - na materinski celici zraste brst, ki se kasneje odcepi. Brez njih ne bi imeli kruha, ker kvas povzroči vzhajanje testa!
Plesni so večcelične glive iz tankih nitk, imenovanih hife. Pogosto jih vidiš na starem kruhu ali sadju kot zelenkasto-modro prevleko.
Ne vse plesni so slabe! Iz plesni Penicillium so pridobili prvi antibiotik penicilin, ki rešuje življenja. Žlahtne plesni dajejo sirom kot je gorgonzola njihov značilen okus.
Koristno: Fermentacija s kvasovkami se uporablja tudi za izdelavo piva in vina!
Virusi - na meji med živim in neživim
Virusi niso prave celice in so veliko manjši od bakterij! Sestavljeni so le iz dednega materiala (DNK ali RNK) in beljakovinskega ovoja.
Sami se ne morejo razmnoževati - potrebujejo gostiteljsko celico. Virus vdre vanjo, jo "prisili" k izdelavi novih virusov, nato celica poči in sprosti nove viruse.
Vsi virusi so zajedavci in povzročajo bolezni pri ljudeh, živalih in rastlinah. Poznamo jih kot povzročitelje prehlada, gripe, noric in COVID-19.
Pozor: Ker virusi niso bakterije, antibiotiki proti njim ne pomagajo!
Praktični primeri delovanja
Izdelava jogurta je odličen primer koristnega delovanja. Mlečnokislinske bakterije pretvorijo mlečni sladkor v mlečno kislino s procesom fermentacije. To povzroči, da se mleko zgosti in dobi kiselkast okus.
Pri prehladu virus napade celice v nosni sluznici. Vdre vanje in se razmnožuje, naše telo pa se odzove z vnetjem - zato kihaš, kašljaš in imaš zamašen nos.
Louis Pasteur je dokazal, da mikrobi povzročajo kvarjenje hrane in bolezni ter izumil pasterizacijo - segrevanje mleka za uničenje škodljivih mikrobov.
Higiena je ključna: Umivanje rok z milom odstrani večino škodljivih mikrobov!
Hiter pregled za test
Bakterije: enocelične, brez jedra, hitre delitve, koristne (prebava, jogurt) in škodljive (angina). Zdravimo z antibiotiki.
Glive: kvasovke za kruh in alkohol, plesni za penicilin ali kvarjenje hrane. Razmnožujejo se z brstenjem ali sporami.
Virusi: niso celice, potrebujejo gostitelja, vedno povzročajo bolezni. Antibiotiki ne pomagajo!
Ne pozabi: mikroorganizmi niso vsi slabi - brez njih ne bi bilo življenja, kot ga poznamo. So razkrojevalci v naravi in pomagajo pri prebavi.
Za test: Razlika med bakterijami in virusi je najpogostejše vprašanje!
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Svet Mikroorganizmov: Raziskovanje Bakterij in Gliv
Mikroorganizmi so drobna živa bitja, ki jih s prostim očesom ne moremo videti - potrebujemo mikroskop. Najdemo jih povsod okrog nas in v nas samih, nekateri so koristni, drugi pa povzročajo bolezni.
Uvod v mikroorganizme
Mikroorganizmi ali mikrobi so tako majhna živa bitja, da jih lahko vidiš le z mikroskopom. So povsod - v zraku, ki ga dihaš, na tvoji koži, celo v tvojem telesu!
Ne skrbi, to ni grozljivo. Večina mikrobov je popolnoma neškodljivih ali celo koristnih za nas. Brez njih ne bi mogli prebavljati hrane ali uživati jogurta in kruha.
Glavne skupine mikroorganizmov so bakterije, glive (kvasovke in plesni) ter virusi. Vsaka skupina ima svoje posebnosti in vlogo v naravi.
Zanimivost: V tvojem telesu živi več bakterij, kot ima človeštvo skupaj celic!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Bakterije - najštevilčnejši mikrobi
Bakterije so enocelični organizmi brez pravega celičnega jedra. Njihov dedni material prosto plava v citoplazmi, kar jih dela drugačne od naših celic.
Razmnožujejo se bliskovito hitro - z delitvijo se lahko podvojijo vsakih 20 minut! Glede na obliko jih delimo na okrogle (koki), paličaste (bacili) in spiralne (spirili).
Koristne bakterije živijo v tvojem črevesju in pomagajo pri prebavi. Uporabljamo jih tudi za izdelavo jogurta, sira in kisa. Škodljive bakterije pa povzročajo bolezni kot so angina ali salmoneloza.
Pomembno: Antibiotiki delujejo SAMO proti bakterijam, ne proti virusom!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Glive - od kruha do zdravil
Kvasovke so enocelične glive, ki se razmnožujejo z brstenjem - na materinski celici zraste brst, ki se kasneje odcepi. Brez njih ne bi imeli kruha, ker kvas povzroči vzhajanje testa!
Plesni so večcelične glive iz tankih nitk, imenovanih hife. Pogosto jih vidiš na starem kruhu ali sadju kot zelenkasto-modro prevleko.
Ne vse plesni so slabe! Iz plesni Penicillium so pridobili prvi antibiotik penicilin, ki rešuje življenja. Žlahtne plesni dajejo sirom kot je gorgonzola njihov značilen okus.
Koristno: Fermentacija s kvasovkami se uporablja tudi za izdelavo piva in vina!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Virusi - na meji med živim in neživim
Virusi niso prave celice in so veliko manjši od bakterij! Sestavljeni so le iz dednega materiala (DNK ali RNK) in beljakovinskega ovoja.
Sami se ne morejo razmnoževati - potrebujejo gostiteljsko celico. Virus vdre vanjo, jo "prisili" k izdelavi novih virusov, nato celica poči in sprosti nove viruse.
Vsi virusi so zajedavci in povzročajo bolezni pri ljudeh, živalih in rastlinah. Poznamo jih kot povzročitelje prehlada, gripe, noric in COVID-19.
Pozor: Ker virusi niso bakterije, antibiotiki proti njim ne pomagajo!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični primeri delovanja
Izdelava jogurta je odličen primer koristnega delovanja. Mlečnokislinske bakterije pretvorijo mlečni sladkor v mlečno kislino s procesom fermentacije. To povzroči, da se mleko zgosti in dobi kiselkast okus.
Pri prehladu virus napade celice v nosni sluznici. Vdre vanje in se razmnožuje, naše telo pa se odzove z vnetjem - zato kihaš, kašljaš in imaš zamašen nos.
Louis Pasteur je dokazal, da mikrobi povzročajo kvarjenje hrane in bolezni ter izumil pasterizacijo - segrevanje mleka za uničenje škodljivih mikrobov.
Higiena je ključna: Umivanje rok z milom odstrani večino škodljivih mikrobov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter pregled za test
Bakterije: enocelične, brez jedra, hitre delitve, koristne (prebava, jogurt) in škodljive (angina). Zdravimo z antibiotiki.
Glive: kvasovke za kruh in alkohol, plesni za penicilin ali kvarjenje hrane. Razmnožujejo se z brstenjem ali sporami.
Virusi: niso celice, potrebujejo gostitelja, vedno povzročajo bolezni. Antibiotiki ne pomagajo!
Ne pozabi: mikroorganizmi niso vsi slabi - brez njih ne bi bilo življenja, kot ga poznamo. So razkrojevalci v naravi in pomagajo pri prebavi.
Za test: Razlika med bakterijami in virusi je najpogostejše vprašanje!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user