Celični cikel in delitev celic sta osnova življenja, ki ti... Show more
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Updated Apr 25, 2026
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Razumevanje celičnega cikla in mitoze
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Osnove celičnega cikla
Predstavljaj si celični cikel kot življenjsko zgodbo celice - od njenega nastanka do trenutka, ko se razdeli na dve novi celici. To ni le teorija iz učbenikov, ampak proces, ki se dogaja v tvojem telesu prav zdaj!
Kromosom je kot knjižnica, ki hrani vso genetsko informacijo - človek ima jih 46. Med delitvijo se podvojijo in vsak kromosom sestavljata dve kromatidi, ki sta povezani v sredini.
Mitoza je delitev celičnega jedra, citokineza pa delitev celotne celice. Zapomni si: mitoza + citokineza = popolna celična delitev.
💡 Zanimivost: Celica večino svojega življenja sploh ni v delitvi - pripravlja se nanjo!
Interfaza - obdobje priprave
Interfaza je najdaljši del celičnega cikla in je razdeljena na tri faze. Tukaj celica naredi vso "domačo nalogo" pred delitvijo.
V fazi G1 celica raste in izdeluje proteine ter organele. Predstavljaj si jo kot pripravo na veliki projekt. Faza S je super pomembna - tukaj se DNK podvoji, da bo vsaka nova celica dobila popolno kopijo genetske informacije.
Faza G2 je končna priprava, kjer celica preveri, ali je vse v redu z novo DNK. Če odkrije napake, jih poskuša popraviti.
💡 Pomni: S faza = Sinteza DNK. Brez te faze bi nove celice imele le polovico potrebnih informacij!
Mitoza - delitev jedra v štirih korakih
Zapomnimo si PMAT - Profaza, Metafaza, Anafaza, Telofaza. Vsaka faza ima svojo nalogo pri urejenem prenašanju genetske informacije.
V profazi se kromosomi zgoščajo in postajajo vidni, jedrni ovoj izgine. Metafaza je kot postavitev vojakov v vrsto - vsi kromosomi se uredijo v sredini celice.
Anafaza je ključna - kromatidi se ločijo in potujejo proti nasprotnim polom celice. V telofazi se okoli vsake skupine kromosomov oblikuje novo jedro.
💡 Hitro pravilo: Če vidiš kromosome urejene v sredini = metafaza. Če se razdeljevajo = anafaza.
Citokineza - končna delitev
Citokineza je kot razrezavanje torte na pol, vendar poteka pri živalskih in rastlinskih celicah drugače. Pri živalskih celicah se celična membrana "uščipne" v sredini.
Pri rastlinskih celicah se v sredini oblikuje celična plošča, ki zraste v novo celično steno. To je potrebno, ker rastlinske celice potrebujejo trdno oporo.
Rezultat je vedno enak - dve popolnoma ločeni celici, ki imata enako genetsko informacijo kot materinska celica.
💡 Ključna razlika: Živalske celice se "uščipnejo", rastlinske pa "pozidajo" steno vmes.
Zakaj je mitoza tako pomembna
Mitoza omogoča tri ključne procese v življenju. Najprej omogoča rast - iz ene oplojene jajčne celice se z milijardami delitev razvije cel človek.
Drugič, omogoča obnovo tkiv - ko se urežeš, nova koža nastane z mitozo. Celice v črevesju in krvničke se prav tako nenehno obnavljajo.
Tretjič, pri nekaterih organizmih omogoča nespolno razmnoževanje - amebe se delijo z mitozo, rastline lahko razmnožujemo s potaknjenci.
💡 Pomembno za test: Število kromosomov ostane enako! Materinska celica: 46 kromosomov → hčerinski celici: 46 + 46 kromosomov.
Nadzor in motnje celičnega cikla
Celični cikel je strogo nadzorovan proces s kontrolnimi točkami, ki preverijo, ali je vse pripravljeno za naslednjo fazo. To je kot varnostni sistem, ki prepreči napake.
Kadar ta nadzor odpove, se celice lahko začnejo nenadzorovano deliti - to lahko vodi do nastanka raka. Rakave celice ignorirajo signale za ustavitev delitve.
Razumevanje celičnega cikla ni le šolska snov - pomaga nam razumeti, kako delujejo zdravila proti raku in zakaj je regeneracija tkiv mogoča.
💡 Za ponavljanje: Interfaza + M faza = celični cikel. Rezultat: dve genetsko enaki celici.
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Most popular content in Naravoslovje
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Razumevanje celičnega cikla in mitoze
Celični cikel in delitev celic sta osnova življenja, ki ti pomagata razumeti, kako rastejo organizmi in se obnavljajo tkiva. Gre za fascinanten proces, ki se dogaja milijardkrat v tvojem telesu vsak dan!
Osnove celičnega cikla
Predstavljaj si celični cikel kot življenjsko zgodbo celice - od njenega nastanka do trenutka, ko se razdeli na dve novi celici. To ni le teorija iz učbenikov, ampak proces, ki se dogaja v tvojem telesu prav zdaj!
Kromosom je kot knjižnica, ki hrani vso genetsko informacijo - človek ima jih 46. Med delitvijo se podvojijo in vsak kromosom sestavljata dve kromatidi, ki sta povezani v sredini.
Mitoza je delitev celičnega jedra, citokineza pa delitev celotne celice. Zapomni si: mitoza + citokineza = popolna celična delitev.
💡 Zanimivost: Celica večino svojega življenja sploh ni v delitvi - pripravlja se nanjo!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Interfaza - obdobje priprave
Interfaza je najdaljši del celičnega cikla in je razdeljena na tri faze. Tukaj celica naredi vso "domačo nalogo" pred delitvijo.
V fazi G1 celica raste in izdeluje proteine ter organele. Predstavljaj si jo kot pripravo na veliki projekt. Faza S je super pomembna - tukaj se DNK podvoji, da bo vsaka nova celica dobila popolno kopijo genetske informacije.
Faza G2 je končna priprava, kjer celica preveri, ali je vse v redu z novo DNK. Če odkrije napake, jih poskuša popraviti.
💡 Pomni: S faza = Sinteza DNK. Brez te faze bi nove celice imele le polovico potrebnih informacij!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Mitoza - delitev jedra v štirih korakih
Zapomnimo si PMAT - Profaza, Metafaza, Anafaza, Telofaza. Vsaka faza ima svojo nalogo pri urejenem prenašanju genetske informacije.
V profazi se kromosomi zgoščajo in postajajo vidni, jedrni ovoj izgine. Metafaza je kot postavitev vojakov v vrsto - vsi kromosomi se uredijo v sredini celice.
Anafaza je ključna - kromatidi se ločijo in potujejo proti nasprotnim polom celice. V telofazi se okoli vsake skupine kromosomov oblikuje novo jedro.
💡 Hitro pravilo: Če vidiš kromosome urejene v sredini = metafaza. Če se razdeljevajo = anafaza.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Citokineza - končna delitev
Citokineza je kot razrezavanje torte na pol, vendar poteka pri živalskih in rastlinskih celicah drugače. Pri živalskih celicah se celična membrana "uščipne" v sredini.
Pri rastlinskih celicah se v sredini oblikuje celična plošča, ki zraste v novo celično steno. To je potrebno, ker rastlinske celice potrebujejo trdno oporo.
Rezultat je vedno enak - dve popolnoma ločeni celici, ki imata enako genetsko informacijo kot materinska celica.
💡 Ključna razlika: Živalske celice se "uščipnejo", rastlinske pa "pozidajo" steno vmes.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Zakaj je mitoza tako pomembna
Mitoza omogoča tri ključne procese v življenju. Najprej omogoča rast - iz ene oplojene jajčne celice se z milijardami delitev razvije cel človek.
Drugič, omogoča obnovo tkiv - ko se urežeš, nova koža nastane z mitozo. Celice v črevesju in krvničke se prav tako nenehno obnavljajo.
Tretjič, pri nekaterih organizmih omogoča nespolno razmnoževanje - amebe se delijo z mitozo, rastline lahko razmnožujemo s potaknjenci.
💡 Pomembno za test: Število kromosomov ostane enako! Materinska celica: 46 kromosomov → hčerinski celici: 46 + 46 kromosomov.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Nadzor in motnje celičnega cikla
Celični cikel je strogo nadzorovan proces s kontrolnimi točkami, ki preverijo, ali je vse pripravljeno za naslednjo fazo. To je kot varnostni sistem, ki prepreči napake.
Kadar ta nadzor odpove, se celice lahko začnejo nenadzorovano deliti - to lahko vodi do nastanka raka. Rakave celice ignorirajo signale za ustavitev delitve.
Razumevanje celičnega cikla ni le šolska snov - pomaga nam razumeti, kako delujejo zdravila proti raku in zakaj je regeneracija tkiv mogoča.
💡 Za ponavljanje: Interfaza + M faza = celični cikel. Rezultat: dve genetsko enaki celici.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Naravoslovje
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user