Governments use various measures to tackle social inequalities, particularly those...
Modern Studies490 views·Updated 19 Sept 2026·4 pagesGovernment Efforts to Address Social Inequalities
Amy McLaughlin@amymclaughlin_22
1 / 4
1
of 4
Universal Credit: A Mixed Success Story
Universal Credit might sound boring, but it directly affects millions of families struggling to make ends meet. Introduced in 2012, this weekly payment supports unemployed people and those on low incomes, aiming to bridge the growing gap between rich and poor.
The numbers tell an interesting story. In March 2021, 6 million people claimed Universal Credit, but by January 2022, this dropped to 5.7%. This suggests the system is working - people are finding jobs and gaining stable incomes.
However, there's a major problem: many families can't actually live on Universal Credit payments. After 24 months of receiving UC, foodbank use increased by 48%, showing that people still can't afford basic necessities like food.
Reality Check: Universal Credit provides temporary support, but it's often not enough to cover a family's basic needs.
2
of 4
Baby Boxes: Universal Help or Government Waste?
Scotland's baby boxes are a clever idea - free boxes filled with clothes, toys, books, and even a mattress for every new mother. When launched in 2017/18, an impressive 85% of mothers applied, showing huge demand for this financial support.
The benefit is clear: parents can spend their money on other essentials like food instead of baby supplies. It's practical help that makes a real difference to family budgets.
But here's the controversy - baby boxes aren't means-tested, meaning even wealthy families get them free. This costs the government £68.8 million yearly, money that critics argue could better help families facing genuine inequalities.
Think About It: Should government help be universal or targeted only at those who really need it?
3
of 4
Winter Fuel Allowance: Fighting Energy Poverty
The Winter Fuel Allowance gives pensioners £100-300 towards energy bills - crucial support since 48% of pensioners live in poverty. Over the past 20 years, pensioner poverty has decreased, suggesting this policy works.
But rising energy costs are creating new problems. Despite government support, 1 in 4 pensioners now worry about choosing between heating and eating - a heartbreaking reality of modern Britain.
The allowance hasn't kept pace with skyrocketing energy prices over the last 12 years. What once provided adequate support now falls short of covering actual heating costs, leaving many elderly people in impossible situations.
Key Point: Even well-intentioned policies can become outdated when living costs rise faster than government support.
4
of 4
Free School Meals: Feeding Children, But Not Enough
Free school meals for primary 1-3 pupils had an impressive 82% uptake when introduced, providing both financial relief for families and ensuring children get at least one hot meal daily. It's a practical policy that tackles child hunger head-on.
The controversy? Like baby boxes, wealthy families also benefit from this universal provision. Critics argue some of the £28 million budget could be redirected to help children during school holidays, when many go hungry.
The real issue emerges during school holidays - children who rely on free school meals often face hunger when schools close. This highlights how even successful policies can have significant gaps.
Bottom Line: Universal Credit emerges as the most comprehensive solution, combining multiple benefits into one system and providing flexible financial support where families need it most.
We thought you’d never ask...
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Similar content
Most popular content: Equality
3
PoliticsFeminism: Key Thinkers & Ideas
Explore the evolution of feminist thought in this comprehensive summary, covering key thinkers like Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone de Beauvoir, and bell hooks. Understand core concepts, different strands of feminism, and the impact of patriarchy on women's roles in society. Ideal for Edexcel A Level students seeking to grasp the complexities of feminist ideology and its historical context.
131,17320
PoliticsFeminist Ideologies Overview
Explore the key perspectives of various feminist ideologies including liberal, socialist, radical, and postmodern feminism. This summary highlights the core beliefs, differences, and contributions of prominent feminist thinkers, making it an essential resource for A-level Politics students. Understand how these ideologies address issues of patriarchy, gender equality, and the role of the state in women's liberation.
121,48932
Modern StudiesTackling Social Inequality
Explore an in-depth analysis of the UK government's strategies to combat social inequality, focusing on key policies such as the Winter Fuel Allowance, Education Maintenance Allowance, National Minimum Wage, and Universal Credit. This essay evaluates the effectiveness of these measures in addressing poverty and improving living standards, making it essential for students studying Modern Studies and Social Policy.
S587017
Most popular content in Modern Studies
9Modern StudiesCrime & Law: Key Insights
Explore essential concepts in crime and law for Nat 5 Modern Studies. This summary covers the criminal justice system, causes of crime, government responses, and the impact on society. Ideal for revision, it includes key statistics, case studies, and the roles of various legal entities. Enhance your understanding of crime consequences, sentencing, and the effectiveness of law enforcement.
S33,473215
Modern StudiesDemocracy in Scotland Overview
Explore the key concepts of democracy in Scotland, including the roles of the First Minister, the Additional Members System, and the influence of media on political participation. This summary covers devolved and reserved powers, civic engagement, and the impact of pressure groups. Ideal for National 5 Modern Studies revision.
S33,464165
Modern StudiesAll N5 modern studies PEE paragraphs
All paragraphs for topics Scottish democracy,Terorrism,Crime and law Nat 5 level PEE examples
S43292
Modern StudiesFactors Influencing Voting Behaviour
Explore the evolving factors that influence voting behaviour in this comprehensive essay. Analyze the roles of social class, geography, age, and media in shaping voter decisions, with a focus on recent election trends. This 20-mark essay example provides insights into the changing dynamics of political participation and the impact of social media. Ideal for students studying political science and modern studies.
S51,72157
Modern StudiesInfluencing Government: Pressure Groups
Explore the effectiveness of pressure groups in influencing government decisions through methods like lobbying, petitions, and consultations. This essay analyzes various strategies used by insider and outsider groups, highlighting key examples such as the TIE campaign for LGBT education and Finn's Law petition. Ideal for Higher Modern Studies students seeking to understand the dynamics of public influence on policy-making.
S51,43348
Modern StudiesComparative Voting Systems
Explore the effectiveness of the Additional Members System (AMS) versus First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) in this detailed essay. Analyze how AMS enhances voter representation, strengthens parliamentary accountability, and promotes proportionality in elections. Ideal for Higher Modern Studies students studying electoral systems in Scotland.
S51,33635
Modern StudiesVoting Trends in the USA
Explore the factors influencing voter turnout among different demographics in the USA, including younger Americans, Hispanic Americans, and older generations. This summary covers key concepts such as political participation, voting rights, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on electoral behavior. Ideal for National 5 Modern Studies revision.
S31,91590
Modern StudiesHow to write a higher modern studies 20 mark essay
format
S535811
Modern StudiesFirst Past the Post Analysis
Explore a comprehensive analysis of the First Past the Post (FPTP) electoral system, examining its effectiveness and shortcomings in providing fair representation. This essay discusses key concepts such as voter representation, tactical voting, and the impact on smaller parties, making it essential for Higher Modern Studies students. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding electoral dynamics in the UK.
S565916
Most popular content
9
SociologySociology of Families: Comprehensive Revision
Dive into an extensive overview of family dynamics, perspectives, and patterns in sociology. This resource covers key concepts such as family diversity, gender roles, marriage, and the impact of social policies on family structures. Perfect for A-Level Sociology students preparing for Paper 2.
1274,2332,307
SociologySociology of Education Overview
Explore comprehensive A-Level Sociology notes on the education system, covering key theories, policies, and sociological perspectives. This resource includes insights on marketisation, gender roles, cultural deprivation, and educational inequalities, providing a thorough understanding of how education shapes social stratification and individual achievement. Ideal for exam preparation and in-depth study.
12103,3933,046
BiologyAQA Biology: Key Concepts
Explore essential AQA Biology topics including Photosynthesis, Respiration, Homeostasis, Genetics, and Ecology. This comprehensive knowledge organizer covers key concepts such as energy transfer, hormonal control, and genetic variation, providing a solid foundation for your studies. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological processes.
109,307316
BiologyA-Level Biology Year 1 Overview
Comprehensive summary of AQA A-Level Biology Year 1, covering key topics such as cellular structure, protein synthesis, immune response, gas exchange, and more. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological concepts. Includes detailed insights into cellular processes, biological classification, and the circulatory system.
1215,287704
MathsComprehensive Maths Concepts
Explore essential mathematical concepts including powers, geometry, statistics, and probability. This resource features 65 pages of detailed explanations, diagrams, and examples to enhance your understanding of topics such as right triangles, volume calculations, and data representation. Ideal for students seeking to strengthen their numeracy skills and grasp complex mathematical principles.
1180,4276,329
SociologyComprehensive Crime & Deviance Overview
Explore an extensive revision of crime and deviance topics, including theories, types of crime, and the impact of media. This resource covers key concepts such as Marxism, functionalism, gender and crime, and the influence of globalization on criminal behavior. Ideal for students seeking a thorough understanding of criminology and its various theories. Type: Full Topic Revision.
1251,9841,410
CriminologyCriminal Justice Overview
Explore key concepts in criminal justice, including the trial process, roles of court personnel, types of offenses, and evidence handling. This comprehensive summary covers essential topics such as jury strengths and weaknesses, the role of the CPS, and the impact of media on trials. Ideal for students preparing for assessments in criminology. Achieved a B grade.
133,54774
CriminologyCriminal Justice Evidence Rules
Explore the essential rules governing the use of evidence in criminal cases, including reliability, admissibility, and relevance. This summary covers key concepts such as the roles of personnel in investigations, the impact of witness testimonies, and the implications of plea bargaining. Ideal for Year 13 criminology students preparing for assessments.
1211,238179
SociologySociological Theories Overview
Comprehensive revision of key sociological theories including Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, and Interpretivism. Explore concepts like value freedom, identity formation, and the critique of social control. Ideal for AQA A-Level Sociology students preparing for exams. This summary covers essential theories and their implications in sociology, providing a clear understanding of each perspective.
1231,851851
Students love us, and so will you.
4.6/5App Store
4.7/5Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan SiOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha KlichAndroid user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
AnnaiOS user
Modern Studies490 views·Updated 19 Sept 2026·4 pagesGovernment Efforts to Address Social Inequalities
Amy McLaughlin@amymclaughlin_22
Governments use various measures to tackle social inequalities, particularly those affecting income, employment, and basic living standards. These policies aim to reduce the gap between rich and poor, but their effectiveness varies significantly.
1
of 4
Sign up to see the content. It's free!
- Access to all documents
- Improve your grades
- Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Universal Credit: A Mixed Success Story
Universal Credit might sound boring, but it directly affects millions of families struggling to make ends meet. Introduced in 2012, this weekly payment supports unemployed people and those on low incomes, aiming to bridge the growing gap between rich and poor.
The numbers tell an interesting story. In March 2021, 6 million people claimed Universal Credit, but by January 2022, this dropped to 5.7%. This suggests the system is working - people are finding jobs and gaining stable incomes.
However, there's a major problem: many families can't actually live on Universal Credit payments. After 24 months of receiving UC, foodbank use increased by 48%, showing that people still can't afford basic necessities like food.
Reality Check: Universal Credit provides temporary support, but it's often not enough to cover a family's basic needs.
2
of 4Sign up to see the content. It's free!
- Access to all documents
- Improve your grades
- Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Baby Boxes: Universal Help or Government Waste?
Scotland's baby boxes are a clever idea - free boxes filled with clothes, toys, books, and even a mattress for every new mother. When launched in 2017/18, an impressive 85% of mothers applied, showing huge demand for this financial support.
The benefit is clear: parents can spend their money on other essentials like food instead of baby supplies. It's practical help that makes a real difference to family budgets.
But here's the controversy - baby boxes aren't means-tested, meaning even wealthy families get them free. This costs the government £68.8 million yearly, money that critics argue could better help families facing genuine inequalities.
Think About It: Should government help be universal or targeted only at those who really need it?
3
of 4Sign up to see the content. It's free!
- Access to all documents
- Improve your grades
- Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Winter Fuel Allowance: Fighting Energy Poverty
The Winter Fuel Allowance gives pensioners £100-300 towards energy bills - crucial support since 48% of pensioners live in poverty. Over the past 20 years, pensioner poverty has decreased, suggesting this policy works.
But rising energy costs are creating new problems. Despite government support, 1 in 4 pensioners now worry about choosing between heating and eating - a heartbreaking reality of modern Britain.
The allowance hasn't kept pace with skyrocketing energy prices over the last 12 years. What once provided adequate support now falls short of covering actual heating costs, leaving many elderly people in impossible situations.
Key Point: Even well-intentioned policies can become outdated when living costs rise faster than government support.
4
of 4Sign up to see the content. It's free!
- Access to all documents
- Improve your grades
- Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Free School Meals: Feeding Children, But Not Enough
Free school meals for primary 1-3 pupils had an impressive 82% uptake when introduced, providing both financial relief for families and ensuring children get at least one hot meal daily. It's a practical policy that tackles child hunger head-on.
The controversy? Like baby boxes, wealthy families also benefit from this universal provision. Critics argue some of the £28 million budget could be redirected to help children during school holidays, when many go hungry.
The real issue emerges during school holidays - children who rely on free school meals often face hunger when schools close. This highlights how even successful policies can have significant gaps.
Bottom Line: Universal Credit emerges as the most comprehensive solution, combining multiple benefits into one system and providing flexible financial support where families need it most.
We thought you’d never ask...
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Similar content
Most popular content: Equality
3PoliticsFeminism: Key Thinkers & Ideas
Explore the evolution of feminist thought in this comprehensive summary, covering key thinkers like Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone de Beauvoir, and bell hooks. Understand core concepts, different strands of feminism, and the impact of patriarchy on women's roles in society. Ideal for Edexcel A Level students seeking to grasp the complexities of feminist ideology and its historical context.
131,17320
PoliticsFeminist Ideologies Overview
Explore the key perspectives of various feminist ideologies including liberal, socialist, radical, and postmodern feminism. This summary highlights the core beliefs, differences, and contributions of prominent feminist thinkers, making it an essential resource for A-level Politics students. Understand how these ideologies address issues of patriarchy, gender equality, and the role of the state in women's liberation.
121,48932
Modern StudiesTackling Social Inequality
Explore an in-depth analysis of the UK government's strategies to combat social inequality, focusing on key policies such as the Winter Fuel Allowance, Education Maintenance Allowance, National Minimum Wage, and Universal Credit. This essay evaluates the effectiveness of these measures in addressing poverty and improving living standards, making it essential for students studying Modern Studies and Social Policy.
S587017
Most popular content in Modern Studies
9Modern StudiesCrime & Law: Key Insights
Explore essential concepts in crime and law for Nat 5 Modern Studies. This summary covers the criminal justice system, causes of crime, government responses, and the impact on society. Ideal for revision, it includes key statistics, case studies, and the roles of various legal entities. Enhance your understanding of crime consequences, sentencing, and the effectiveness of law enforcement.
S33,473215
Modern StudiesDemocracy in Scotland Overview
Explore the key concepts of democracy in Scotland, including the roles of the First Minister, the Additional Members System, and the influence of media on political participation. This summary covers devolved and reserved powers, civic engagement, and the impact of pressure groups. Ideal for National 5 Modern Studies revision.
S33,464165
Modern StudiesAll N5 modern studies PEE paragraphs
All paragraphs for topics Scottish democracy,Terorrism,Crime and law Nat 5 level PEE examples
S43292
Modern StudiesFactors Influencing Voting Behaviour
Explore the evolving factors that influence voting behaviour in this comprehensive essay. Analyze the roles of social class, geography, age, and media in shaping voter decisions, with a focus on recent election trends. This 20-mark essay example provides insights into the changing dynamics of political participation and the impact of social media. Ideal for students studying political science and modern studies.
S51,72157
Modern StudiesInfluencing Government: Pressure Groups
Explore the effectiveness of pressure groups in influencing government decisions through methods like lobbying, petitions, and consultations. This essay analyzes various strategies used by insider and outsider groups, highlighting key examples such as the TIE campaign for LGBT education and Finn's Law petition. Ideal for Higher Modern Studies students seeking to understand the dynamics of public influence on policy-making.
S51,43348
Modern StudiesComparative Voting Systems
Explore the effectiveness of the Additional Members System (AMS) versus First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) in this detailed essay. Analyze how AMS enhances voter representation, strengthens parliamentary accountability, and promotes proportionality in elections. Ideal for Higher Modern Studies students studying electoral systems in Scotland.
S51,33635
Modern StudiesVoting Trends in the USA
Explore the factors influencing voter turnout among different demographics in the USA, including younger Americans, Hispanic Americans, and older generations. This summary covers key concepts such as political participation, voting rights, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on electoral behavior. Ideal for National 5 Modern Studies revision.
S31,91590
Modern StudiesHow to write a higher modern studies 20 mark essay
format
S535811
Modern StudiesFirst Past the Post Analysis
Explore a comprehensive analysis of the First Past the Post (FPTP) electoral system, examining its effectiveness and shortcomings in providing fair representation. This essay discusses key concepts such as voter representation, tactical voting, and the impact on smaller parties, making it essential for Higher Modern Studies students. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding electoral dynamics in the UK.
S565916
Most popular content
9SociologySociology of Families: Comprehensive Revision
Dive into an extensive overview of family dynamics, perspectives, and patterns in sociology. This resource covers key concepts such as family diversity, gender roles, marriage, and the impact of social policies on family structures. Perfect for A-Level Sociology students preparing for Paper 2.
1274,2332,307
SociologySociology of Education Overview
Explore comprehensive A-Level Sociology notes on the education system, covering key theories, policies, and sociological perspectives. This resource includes insights on marketisation, gender roles, cultural deprivation, and educational inequalities, providing a thorough understanding of how education shapes social stratification and individual achievement. Ideal for exam preparation and in-depth study.
12103,3933,046
BiologyAQA Biology: Key Concepts
Explore essential AQA Biology topics including Photosynthesis, Respiration, Homeostasis, Genetics, and Ecology. This comprehensive knowledge organizer covers key concepts such as energy transfer, hormonal control, and genetic variation, providing a solid foundation for your studies. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological processes.
109,307316
BiologyA-Level Biology Year 1 Overview
Comprehensive summary of AQA A-Level Biology Year 1, covering key topics such as cellular structure, protein synthesis, immune response, gas exchange, and more. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding biological concepts. Includes detailed insights into cellular processes, biological classification, and the circulatory system.
1215,287704
MathsComprehensive Maths Concepts
Explore essential mathematical concepts including powers, geometry, statistics, and probability. This resource features 65 pages of detailed explanations, diagrams, and examples to enhance your understanding of topics such as right triangles, volume calculations, and data representation. Ideal for students seeking to strengthen their numeracy skills and grasp complex mathematical principles.
1180,4276,329
SociologyComprehensive Crime & Deviance Overview
Explore an extensive revision of crime and deviance topics, including theories, types of crime, and the impact of media. This resource covers key concepts such as Marxism, functionalism, gender and crime, and the influence of globalization on criminal behavior. Ideal for students seeking a thorough understanding of criminology and its various theories. Type: Full Topic Revision.
1251,9841,410
CriminologyCriminal Justice Overview
Explore key concepts in criminal justice, including the trial process, roles of court personnel, types of offenses, and evidence handling. This comprehensive summary covers essential topics such as jury strengths and weaknesses, the role of the CPS, and the impact of media on trials. Ideal for students preparing for assessments in criminology. Achieved a B grade.
133,54774
CriminologyCriminal Justice Evidence Rules
Explore the essential rules governing the use of evidence in criminal cases, including reliability, admissibility, and relevance. This summary covers key concepts such as the roles of personnel in investigations, the impact of witness testimonies, and the implications of plea bargaining. Ideal for Year 13 criminology students preparing for assessments.
1211,238179
SociologySociological Theories Overview
Comprehensive revision of key sociological theories including Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, and Interpretivism. Explore concepts like value freedom, identity formation, and the critique of social control. Ideal for AQA A-Level Sociology students preparing for exams. This summary covers essential theories and their implications in sociology, providing a clear understanding of each perspective.
1231,851851
Students love us, and so will you.
4.6/5App Store
4.7/5Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan SiOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha KlichAndroid user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
AnnaiOS user