Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet
Perimeter, area and volume problems become much easier when you know these key formulas. For a trapezium, use Area = ½h where a and b are the parallel sides and h is the height between them. Any prism (like a triangular prism or cylinder) has its volume calculated by multiplying the cross-section area by its length.
Circle calculations use π (pi) and the radius or diameter. Remember that circumference = 2πr or πd, and area = πr². The radius is half the diameter, so make sure you're using the right measurement!
Pythagoras' theorem helps you find missing sides in right-angled triangles, where c is always the longest side (hypotenuse). Trigonometry uses SOH-CAH-TOA: sin = opposite/hypotenuse, cos = adjacent/hypotenuse, tan = opposite/adjacent.
Compound interest grows money over time using Total = Pⁿ, where P is your starting amount, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years. For probability, when events can happen together, use P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B).
Remember: You'll have this exact sheet in your exam, so practise using these formulas rather than memorising them!