Essential Maths Formula Reference Sheet

Area and perimeter formulas are your bread and butter for geometry questions. For triangles, use A = ½bh, whilst rectangles are simply A = l × w. Parallelograms follow the same pattern as triangles with A = b × h.

When dealing with circles, remember that circumference = 2πr and area = πr². These pop up constantly in exam questions, so get comfortable switching between radius and diameter measurements.

Volume calculations follow logical patterns too. Any prism's volume equals its cross-sectional area times height, whilst cylinders use V = πr²h. Pyramids and cones are always one-third of their corresponding prism or cylinder volumes.

The Pythagorean theorem $a² + b² = c²$ and trigonometric ratios (SOH-CAH-TOA) are absolutely crucial for right-angled triangles. For any triangle, you've got the sine rule and cosine rule as your go-to tools.

Top Tip: Practice substituting numbers into these formulas until it becomes automatic - exam pressure can make you forget the simplest equations!

Advanced formulas like the quadratic formula and compound interest formula might look intimidating, but they're just patterns to memorise. The kinematics equations are essential for physics, connecting velocity, acceleration, and displacement in predictable ways.