Množice števil so temelj vse matematike, ki jo boš uporabljal... Show more
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Updated Apr 15, 2026
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Vrste števil in njihove značilnosti
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Uvod v množice števil
Predstavljaj si množice števil kot različne škatle, kjer v vsako spadajo števila z določenimi lastnostmi. Naravna števila (N) so tista, s katerimi šteješ - 1, 2, 3, 4... Torej N = {1, 2, 3, 4, ...}.
Cela števila (Z) dodajo negativna števila in ničlo. Tako dobiš Z = {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. Vsako naravno število je tudi celo število, zato velja N ⊂ Z.
Racionalna števila (Q) so tista, ki jih lahko zapišeš kot ulomek dveh celih števil (imenovalec ni 0). Vključujejo cela števila, ulomke, končna decimalna števila in periodična decimalna števila.
💡 Pomni: Ime "racionalna" prihaja iz latinske besede "ratio" (razmerje), ker gre za razmerje med dvema celima številoma!
Racionalna in iracionalna števila
Racionalna števila prepoznaš po tem, da imajo končen ali periodičen decimalni zapis. Primeri: 0,25 = 1/4, 0,333... = 1/3, ali 5 = 5/1.
Iracionalna števila (I) so ravno nasprotje - ne moreš jih zapisati kot ulomek. Njihov decimalni zapis je neskončen in neperiodičen (števke se nikoli ne začnejo ponavljati v vzorcu).
Najznamenitejši primeri iracionalnih števil so π ≈ 3,14159..., √2, √3, √5. Pozor - √9 ni iracionalno, ker je √9 = 3!
💡 Test za korene: Če je število pod korenom popoln kvadrat, rezultat ni iracionalen. √16 = 4 (racionalno), √17 (iracionalno).
Realna števila in povezanost množic
Realna števila (R) so največja množica, ki jo poznamo - vključujejo vsa racionalna in iracionalna števila. Vsako realno število ima svoje mesto na številski premici.
Povezanost med množicami si predstavljaj kot matruške: N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R. Vsaka manjša množica je vsebovana v večji. Iracionalna števila (I) so ločena od racionalnih, vendar skupaj tvorita realna števila: R = Q ∪ I.
Ključna razlika za prepoznavanje: racionalna števila imajo končen ali periodičen decimalni zapis, iracionalna pa neskončen in neperiodičen.
💡 Za test: Zapomni si odnos N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R in to, da sta Q in I ločeni množici brez skupnih elementov.
Praktični primeri razvrščanja
Poglejmo, kako razvrščamo števila v množice na konkretnih primerih:
-7: Ni naravno, je celo (Z), racionalno (Q), ker -7 = -7/1, in realno (R). 21/7: Najprej poenostavi: 21/7 = 3. Spada v N, Z, Q, R. 5,1: Ni naravno ali celo, je racionalno (5,1 = 51/10) in realno.
√11: 11 ni popoln kvadrat, zato je √11 iracionalno in realno število. 0,272727...: To je periodično decimalno število, zato je racionalno in realno.
Pri korenih vedno preveri, ali je število pod korenom popoln kvadrat. √64 = 8 je racionalno, √65 pa iracionalno.
💡 Trik: Pri decimalnih številih pazi na vzorec - če se števke ponavljajo, je število racionalno!
Pomembni nasveti za test
Ključne razlike za prepoznavanje: Racionalna števila lahko zapišeš kot ulomek ali imajo končen/periodičen decimalni zapis. Iracionalna imajo neskončen, neperiodičen decimalni zapis.
Oznake si zapomni: N (naravna), Z , Q , I (iracionalna), R (realna).
Pogosti primeri: π, e, √2, √3, √5 so iracionalna. Vsi ulomki, cela števila in periodična decimalna števila so racionalna.
Vsako število, s katerim se srečuješ v 1. letniku, je realno število. Če ti naloga ne pove drugače, lahko predpostavljaš, da delamo z realnimi števili.
💡 Za ponavljanje: N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R, Q ∩ I = ∅ (nimata skupnih elementov), R = Q ∪ I.
Povzetek po množicah
| Množica | Simbol | Kaj vključuje | Primeri |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Naravna** | N | Števila za štetje | 1, 5, 120 |
| **Cela** | Z | Naravna + nič + negativna | -10, 0, 4 |
| **Racionalna** | Q | Lahko zapišeš kot ulomek | 3, -0,5, 7, 0,6̄ |
| **Iracionalna** | I | Neskončen neperiodičen zapis | √2, π, e |
| **Realna** | R | Vsa števila na premici | Vsi zgornji |
Ta preglednica ti bo pomagala pri hitrem ponavljanju pred testom. Zapomni si glavno logiko: manjše množice so vedno del večjih, razen iracionalne, ki je ločena od racionalne.
💡 Zadnji nasvet: Če se ti zdi število "običajno", je verjetno racionalno. Če vsebuje π, e ali koren nepopolnega kvadrata, je iracionalno!
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Vrste števil in njihove značilnosti
Množice števil so temelj vse matematike, ki jo boš uporabljal v srednji šoli in naprej. Gre za organizacijo vseh števil v logične skupine, kjer vsaka ima svoja posebna pravila in lastnosti.
Uvod v množice števil
Predstavljaj si množice števil kot različne škatle, kjer v vsako spadajo števila z določenimi lastnostmi. Naravna števila (N) so tista, s katerimi šteješ - 1, 2, 3, 4... Torej N = {1, 2, 3, 4, ...}.
Cela števila (Z) dodajo negativna števila in ničlo. Tako dobiš Z = {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. Vsako naravno število je tudi celo število, zato velja N ⊂ Z.
Racionalna števila (Q) so tista, ki jih lahko zapišeš kot ulomek dveh celih števil (imenovalec ni 0). Vključujejo cela števila, ulomke, končna decimalna števila in periodična decimalna števila.
💡 Pomni: Ime "racionalna" prihaja iz latinske besede "ratio" (razmerje), ker gre za razmerje med dvema celima številoma!
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Racionalna in iracionalna števila
Racionalna števila prepoznaš po tem, da imajo končen ali periodičen decimalni zapis. Primeri: 0,25 = 1/4, 0,333... = 1/3, ali 5 = 5/1.
Iracionalna števila (I) so ravno nasprotje - ne moreš jih zapisati kot ulomek. Njihov decimalni zapis je neskončen in neperiodičen (števke se nikoli ne začnejo ponavljati v vzorcu).
Najznamenitejši primeri iracionalnih števil so π ≈ 3,14159..., √2, √3, √5. Pozor - √9 ni iracionalno, ker je √9 = 3!
💡 Test za korene: Če je število pod korenom popoln kvadrat, rezultat ni iracionalen. √16 = 4 (racionalno), √17 (iracionalno).
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Realna števila in povezanost množic
Realna števila (R) so največja množica, ki jo poznamo - vključujejo vsa racionalna in iracionalna števila. Vsako realno število ima svoje mesto na številski premici.
Povezanost med množicami si predstavljaj kot matruške: N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R. Vsaka manjša množica je vsebovana v večji. Iracionalna števila (I) so ločena od racionalnih, vendar skupaj tvorita realna števila: R = Q ∪ I.
Ključna razlika za prepoznavanje: racionalna števila imajo končen ali periodičen decimalni zapis, iracionalna pa neskončen in neperiodičen.
💡 Za test: Zapomni si odnos N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R in to, da sta Q in I ločeni množici brez skupnih elementov.
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Praktični primeri razvrščanja
Poglejmo, kako razvrščamo števila v množice na konkretnih primerih:
-7: Ni naravno, je celo (Z), racionalno (Q), ker -7 = -7/1, in realno (R). 21/7: Najprej poenostavi: 21/7 = 3. Spada v N, Z, Q, R. 5,1: Ni naravno ali celo, je racionalno (5,1 = 51/10) in realno.
√11: 11 ni popoln kvadrat, zato je √11 iracionalno in realno število. 0,272727...: To je periodično decimalno število, zato je racionalno in realno.
Pri korenih vedno preveri, ali je število pod korenom popoln kvadrat. √64 = 8 je racionalno, √65 pa iracionalno.
💡 Trik: Pri decimalnih številih pazi na vzorec - če se števke ponavljajo, je število racionalno!
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Pomembni nasveti za test
Ključne razlike za prepoznavanje: Racionalna števila lahko zapišeš kot ulomek ali imajo končen/periodičen decimalni zapis. Iracionalna imajo neskončen, neperiodičen decimalni zapis.
Oznake si zapomni: N (naravna), Z , Q , I (iracionalna), R (realna).
Pogosti primeri: π, e, √2, √3, √5 so iracionalna. Vsi ulomki, cela števila in periodična decimalna števila so racionalna.
Vsako število, s katerim se srečuješ v 1. letniku, je realno število. Če ti naloga ne pove drugače, lahko predpostavljaš, da delamo z realnimi števili.
💡 Za ponavljanje: N ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R, Q ∩ I = ∅ (nimata skupnih elementov), R = Q ∪ I.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Povzetek po množicah
| Množica | Simbol | Kaj vključuje | Primeri |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Naravna** | N | Števila za štetje | 1, 5, 120 |
| **Cela** | Z | Naravna + nič + negativna | -10, 0, 4 |
| **Racionalna** | Q | Lahko zapišeš kot ulomek | 3, -0,5, 7, 0,6̄ |
| **Iracionalna** | I | Neskončen neperiodičen zapis | √2, π, e |
| **Realna** | R | Vsa števila na premici | Vsi zgornji |
Ta preglednica ti bo pomagala pri hitrem ponavljanju pred testom. Zapomni si glavno logiko: manjše množice so vedno del večjih, razen iracionalne, ki je ločena od racionalne.
💡 Zadnji nasvet: Če se ti zdi število "običajno", je verjetno racionalno. Če vsebuje π, e ali koren nepopolnega kvadrata, je iracionalno!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user