Priprava raztopin je eden od najvažnejših praktičnih postopkov v kemiji.... Show more
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Updated Apr 14, 2026
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Priprava raztopin je eden od najvažnejših praktičnih postopkov v kemiji.... Show more








Priprava raztopin je temelj laboratorijskega dela - brez tega ne moreš narediti skoraj nobenega eksperimenta. Obstajata dva glavna načina: iz čiste snovi (npr. soli) ali z redčenjem močnejše raztopine.
Raztopina je homogena zmes topila (navadno vode) in topljenca (snov, ki jo raztapljamo). Koncentracija pove, koliko topljenca imamo v določeni količini raztopine.
Najpogosteje uporabljamo množinsko koncentracijo in masno koncentracijo . Ne pozabi povezavo: n = m/M, kjer je M molska masa.
Nasvet: Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem - volumen mora biti v litrih!

Ko potrebuješ raztopino z določeno koncentracijo, začneš s čisto snovjo in jo raztopiš. Postopek je sistematičen in zahteva natančnost.
Najprej izračunaš potrebno maso s formulo m = c × V × M. Nato stehtaš topljenec na natančni tehtnici in ga raztopiš v čaši z majhno količino destilirane vode.
Ključni korak je prenos v merilno bučko - raztopino previdno preliješ in čašo spereš z vodo. Nato dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake, pri čemer proti koncu dodajaš vodo kapljico za kapljico.
Pozor: Vedno uporabljaš merilno bučko za končni volumen, ne čaše!

Redčenje je enostavnejši način - iz močne raztopine narediš šibkejšo z dodajanjem vode. Količina topljenca ostane enaka, spremeni se le volumen.
Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂. Tu je V₁ volumen osnovne raztopine, ki ga moraš odmeriti, V₂ pa končni volumen.
Postopek: izračunaš V₁, ga odmeriš s pipeto, prenesieš v merilno bučko z nekaj vode in dopolniš do oznake. Pri močnih kislinah velja pravilo "kislino v vodo" - nikoli obratno!
Varnost: Pri delu z močnimi kislinami vedno nosi zaščitna očala in upoštevaj KVV!

Redčenje zahteva natančnost in pravilno zaporedje korakov. Najprej iz enačbe c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ izračunaš potreben volumen osnovne raztopine: V₁ = (c₂ × V₂) / c₁.
Z natančno pipeto odmeriš izračunani volumen V₁ koncentrirane raztopine. V merilno bučko najprej naliješ nekaj destilirane vode (približno do polovice), nato dodaš odmerjen volumen osnovne raztopine.
Bučko dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake in dobro premešaš. Tak postopek prepreči nevarno segrevanje, ki nastane pri mešanju koncentranih raztopin.
Pomembno: Pri močnih kislinah nikoli ne dodajaj vode direktno v kislino!

Pripraviti moraš 250 mL raztopine CuSO₄ z množinsko koncentracijo 0,2 mol/L. Koliko gramov soli potrebuješ?
Podatki: V = 0,250 L, c = 0,2 mol/L. Najprej izračunaš molsko maso CuSO₄: M = 63,5 + 32,1 + 4×16,0 = 159,6 g/mol.
Nato uporabiš formulo m = c × V × M: m = 0,2 mol/L × 0,250 L × 159,6 g/mol = 7,98 g. Potrebuješ torej 7,98 g bakrovega sulfata.
Nasvet: Pri računanju molske mase ne pozabi na indekse - pri SO₄ je 4× kisik!

Imaš HCl s koncentracijo 2,0 mol/L in potrebuješ 100 mL raztopine s koncentracijo 0,5 mol/L. Koliko osnovne raztopine potrebuješ?
Podatki: c₁ = 2,0 mol/L, c₂ = 0,5 mol/L, V₂ = 100 mL. Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂.
Izračunaš V₁: V₁ = / 2,0 mol/L = 25 mL. Potrebuješ 25 mL osnovne raztopine HCl in jo redčiš z vodo do 100 mL.
Trik: Pri enačbi za redčenje lahko pusttiš volume v mL, če sta oba v isti enoti!

Za uspešno pripravo raztopin uporabljaj vedno natančno laboratorijsko posodo: tehtnico za maso, merilno bučko za končni volumen in pipeto za odmerjanje. Čaše niso dovolj natančne!
Pri odčitavanju volumna mora biti spodnji rob meniskusa poravnan z oznako. Oči morajo biti v višini oznake za pravilno perspektivo.
Ključne formule za zapomniti: c = n/V, n = m/M, m = c × V × M za pripravo iz trdne snovi ter c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ za redčenje. Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem!
Za test: Obvladaj oba postopka in se spomni pravila KVV pri kislinah!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Priprava raztopin je eden od najvažnejših praktičnih postopkov v kemiji. Naučil se boš, kako iz čiste snovi ali z redčenjem pripraviti raztopino z natanko določeno koncentracijo.

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Priprava raztopin je temelj laboratorijskega dela - brez tega ne moreš narediti skoraj nobenega eksperimenta. Obstajata dva glavna načina: iz čiste snovi (npr. soli) ali z redčenjem močnejše raztopine.
Raztopina je homogena zmes topila (navadno vode) in topljenca (snov, ki jo raztapljamo). Koncentracija pove, koliko topljenca imamo v določeni količini raztopine.
Najpogosteje uporabljamo množinsko koncentracijo in masno koncentracijo . Ne pozabi povezavo: n = m/M, kjer je M molska masa.
Nasvet: Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem - volumen mora biti v litrih!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ko potrebuješ raztopino z določeno koncentracijo, začneš s čisto snovjo in jo raztopiš. Postopek je sistematičen in zahteva natančnost.
Najprej izračunaš potrebno maso s formulo m = c × V × M. Nato stehtaš topljenec na natančni tehtnici in ga raztopiš v čaši z majhno količino destilirane vode.
Ključni korak je prenos v merilno bučko - raztopino previdno preliješ in čašo spereš z vodo. Nato dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake, pri čemer proti koncu dodajaš vodo kapljico za kapljico.
Pozor: Vedno uporabljaš merilno bučko za končni volumen, ne čaše!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Redčenje je enostavnejši način - iz močne raztopine narediš šibkejšo z dodajanjem vode. Količina topljenca ostane enaka, spremeni se le volumen.
Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂. Tu je V₁ volumen osnovne raztopine, ki ga moraš odmeriti, V₂ pa končni volumen.
Postopek: izračunaš V₁, ga odmeriš s pipeto, prenesieš v merilno bučko z nekaj vode in dopolniš do oznake. Pri močnih kislinah velja pravilo "kislino v vodo" - nikoli obratno!
Varnost: Pri delu z močnimi kislinami vedno nosi zaščitna očala in upoštevaj KVV!

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Redčenje zahteva natančnost in pravilno zaporedje korakov. Najprej iz enačbe c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ izračunaš potreben volumen osnovne raztopine: V₁ = (c₂ × V₂) / c₁.
Z natančno pipeto odmeriš izračunani volumen V₁ koncentrirane raztopine. V merilno bučko najprej naliješ nekaj destilirane vode (približno do polovice), nato dodaš odmerjen volumen osnovne raztopine.
Bučko dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake in dobro premešaš. Tak postopek prepreči nevarno segrevanje, ki nastane pri mešanju koncentranih raztopin.
Pomembno: Pri močnih kislinah nikoli ne dodajaj vode direktno v kislino!

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Join milions of students
Pripraviti moraš 250 mL raztopine CuSO₄ z množinsko koncentracijo 0,2 mol/L. Koliko gramov soli potrebuješ?
Podatki: V = 0,250 L, c = 0,2 mol/L. Najprej izračunaš molsko maso CuSO₄: M = 63,5 + 32,1 + 4×16,0 = 159,6 g/mol.
Nato uporabiš formulo m = c × V × M: m = 0,2 mol/L × 0,250 L × 159,6 g/mol = 7,98 g. Potrebuješ torej 7,98 g bakrovega sulfata.
Nasvet: Pri računanju molske mase ne pozabi na indekse - pri SO₄ je 4× kisik!

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Imaš HCl s koncentracijo 2,0 mol/L in potrebuješ 100 mL raztopine s koncentracijo 0,5 mol/L. Koliko osnovne raztopine potrebuješ?
Podatki: c₁ = 2,0 mol/L, c₂ = 0,5 mol/L, V₂ = 100 mL. Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂.
Izračunaš V₁: V₁ = / 2,0 mol/L = 25 mL. Potrebuješ 25 mL osnovne raztopine HCl in jo redčiš z vodo do 100 mL.
Trik: Pri enačbi za redčenje lahko pusttiš volume v mL, če sta oba v isti enoti!

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Za uspešno pripravo raztopin uporabljaj vedno natančno laboratorijsko posodo: tehtnico za maso, merilno bučko za končni volumen in pipeto za odmerjanje. Čaše niso dovolj natančne!
Pri odčitavanju volumna mora biti spodnji rob meniskusa poravnan z oznako. Oči morajo biti v višini oznake za pravilno perspektivo.
Ključne formule za zapomniti: c = n/V, n = m/M, m = c × V × M za pripravo iz trdne snovi ter c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ za redčenje. Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem!
Za test: Obvladaj oba postopka in se spomni pravila KVV pri kislinah!
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user