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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
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2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
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History
7 Dec 2025
44
3 pages
Mia Giles @miagiles_cjki
The early Weimar Republic faced constant threats from both left-wing communists and right-wing extremists trying to overthrow the... Show more
Your history exams will definitely cover these two major communist revolts that almost toppled the Weimar Republic in its first year. Both failed spectacularly, but they reveal how desperate and divided Germany was after WWI.
The Spartacist Uprising kicked off in January 1919 when communist leaders Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg tried to seize Berlin. Problem was, they'd rushed into it without proper planning or enough working-class support. President Ebert wasn't messing about - he called in the army and the brutal Freikorps to crush them.
The street fighting was vicious, ending with both communist leaders executed on 13th January. This created lasting divisions on the left that would haunt German politics for years. Just months later, the Bavarian Uprising saw Kurt Eisner's radicals briefly establish a soviet republic, only to be crushed again by the Freikorps with 700 killed.
Key Point These early revolts showed that Ebert's government was willing to work with right-wing forces to survive, even though they'd later turn against the republic itself.
Here's where things get really messy - the same Freikorps that saved the republic then tried to destroy it! The Kapp Putsch in March 1920 happened because the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to disband these paramilitary units.
General Lüttwitz refused orders and marched 12,000 troops to Berlin, backed by politician Wolfgang Kapp. When Ebert ordered the regular army to stop them, General von Seekt famously replied "troops don't fire on troops." Awkward! Luckily, trade unions called a general strike that paralysed Berlin and the putsch collapsed within four days.
The Munich Putsch of November 1923 was Hitler's first attempt at power during the hyperinflation crisis. The future dictator and his SA stormtroopers tried to force Bavaria's leader to support their revolution in a Munich beer hall. Despite having General Ludendorff's backing, the army crushed the revolt.
Sixteen Nazis died in the shooting, and Hitler got five years in prison (though he only served nine months). This failed putsch actually helped launch Hitler's political career through his trial publicity.
Key Point These right-wing revolts were more dangerous than the communist ones because they had support within the army and government structures.
Political murder was basically a hobby for right-wing extremists during this period - they committed 354 political murders between 1919-1923! The most shocking was the assassination of Walter Rathenau, Germany's Jewish foreign minister, in 1922.
Rathenau was gunned down on his way to work by Operation Consul, a terror group made up of former Freikorps members. They targeted him partly because he'd been involved in signing the hated Treaty of Versailles, and partly due to anti-Semitic hatred.
The public finally fought back after Rathenau's murder - 700,000 ordinary Germans demonstrated against the killing. These massive public protests actually worked, causing the number of political assassinations to decline significantly.
Key Point The scale of right-wing political violence shows how the Weimar Republic's enemies were literally murdering their way through democratic politicians.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key cultural, economic, and political factors that fueled the rise of nationalism in Germany between 1815 and 1855. This essay delves into the impact of the Napoleonic Wars, the role of liberals, and the significance of shared language and culture in unifying the German states. Ideal for students studying the German Wars of Unification and the foundations of the German Empire.
HistoryExplore the effects of the New Deal (1933-41) on the employment status and working conditions of Black Americans. This analysis covers key programs like the AAA, PWA, and WPA, highlighting both improvements and setbacks in civil rights. Ideal for A-level History students studying civil rights and race relations in the USA.
HistoryExplore the significant role of Austrian strength as a major obstacle to German unification from 1815 to 1850. This essay delves into the suppression of nationalism, the impact of the Carlsbad Decrees, and the influence of German princes. Ideal for students studying higher history, this resource provides a comprehensive analysis of the political landscape and key factors affecting the unification process.
HistoryExplore the significance of primary sources in understanding key events from 1918 to 1945 in Germany. This resource includes planning templates and guides tailored for AQA A-Level History, focusing on topics such as the Weimar Republic, Nazi policies, and the Holocaust. Ideal for students preparing for exams, this pack enhances critical analysis skills and contextual knowledge.
HistoryExplore the key events and policies that facilitated Hitler's rise to power and the establishment of the Nazi regime in Germany. This comprehensive summary covers the Beer Hall Putsch, the consolidation of power, Nazi propaganda, and the impact of economic crises. Ideal for National 5 revision, this resource provides insights into the political landscape of Weimar Germany and the factors leading to the Holocaust.
HistoryExplore the pivotal role of Otto von Bismarck in the unification of the German states in 1871. This essay delves into Bismarck's leadership, the influence of the Prussian military, the economic significance of the Zollverein, and the decline of Austria. Understand how these factors intertwined to shape modern Germany. Ideal for higher history students studying the German Empire's foundation.
HistoryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Mia Giles
@miagiles_cjki
The early Weimar Republic faced constant threats from both left-wing communists and right-wing extremists trying to overthrow the government. These uprisings and assassination attempts between 1919-1923 nearly destroyed Germany's fragile democracy before it even got started.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Your history exams will definitely cover these two major communist revolts that almost toppled the Weimar Republic in its first year. Both failed spectacularly, but they reveal how desperate and divided Germany was after WWI.
The Spartacist Uprising kicked off in January 1919 when communist leaders Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg tried to seize Berlin. Problem was, they'd rushed into it without proper planning or enough working-class support. President Ebert wasn't messing about - he called in the army and the brutal Freikorps to crush them.
The street fighting was vicious, ending with both communist leaders executed on 13th January. This created lasting divisions on the left that would haunt German politics for years. Just months later, the Bavarian Uprising saw Kurt Eisner's radicals briefly establish a soviet republic, only to be crushed again by the Freikorps with 700 killed.
Key Point: These early revolts showed that Ebert's government was willing to work with right-wing forces to survive, even though they'd later turn against the republic itself.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Here's where things get really messy - the same Freikorps that saved the republic then tried to destroy it! The Kapp Putsch in March 1920 happened because the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to disband these paramilitary units.
General Lüttwitz refused orders and marched 12,000 troops to Berlin, backed by politician Wolfgang Kapp. When Ebert ordered the regular army to stop them, General von Seekt famously replied: "troops don't fire on troops." Awkward! Luckily, trade unions called a general strike that paralysed Berlin and the putsch collapsed within four days.
The Munich Putsch of November 1923 was Hitler's first attempt at power during the hyperinflation crisis. The future dictator and his SA stormtroopers tried to force Bavaria's leader to support their revolution in a Munich beer hall. Despite having General Ludendorff's backing, the army crushed the revolt.
Sixteen Nazis died in the shooting, and Hitler got five years in prison (though he only served nine months). This failed putsch actually helped launch Hitler's political career through his trial publicity.
Key Point: These right-wing revolts were more dangerous than the communist ones because they had support within the army and government structures.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Political murder was basically a hobby for right-wing extremists during this period - they committed 354 political murders between 1919-1923! The most shocking was the assassination of Walter Rathenau, Germany's Jewish foreign minister, in 1922.
Rathenau was gunned down on his way to work by Operation Consul, a terror group made up of former Freikorps members. They targeted him partly because he'd been involved in signing the hated Treaty of Versailles, and partly due to anti-Semitic hatred.
The public finally fought back after Rathenau's murder - 700,000 ordinary Germans demonstrated against the killing. These massive public protests actually worked, causing the number of political assassinations to decline significantly.
Key Point: The scale of right-wing political violence shows how the Weimar Republic's enemies were literally murdering their way through democratic politicians.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the key cultural, economic, and political factors that fueled the rise of nationalism in Germany between 1815 and 1855. This essay delves into the impact of the Napoleonic Wars, the role of liberals, and the significance of shared language and culture in unifying the German states. Ideal for students studying the German Wars of Unification and the foundations of the German Empire.
HistoryExplore the effects of the New Deal (1933-41) on the employment status and working conditions of Black Americans. This analysis covers key programs like the AAA, PWA, and WPA, highlighting both improvements and setbacks in civil rights. Ideal for A-level History students studying civil rights and race relations in the USA.
HistoryExplore the significant role of Austrian strength as a major obstacle to German unification from 1815 to 1850. This essay delves into the suppression of nationalism, the impact of the Carlsbad Decrees, and the influence of German princes. Ideal for students studying higher history, this resource provides a comprehensive analysis of the political landscape and key factors affecting the unification process.
HistoryExplore the significance of primary sources in understanding key events from 1918 to 1945 in Germany. This resource includes planning templates and guides tailored for AQA A-Level History, focusing on topics such as the Weimar Republic, Nazi policies, and the Holocaust. Ideal for students preparing for exams, this pack enhances critical analysis skills and contextual knowledge.
HistoryExplore the key events and policies that facilitated Hitler's rise to power and the establishment of the Nazi regime in Germany. This comprehensive summary covers the Beer Hall Putsch, the consolidation of power, Nazi propaganda, and the impact of economic crises. Ideal for National 5 revision, this resource provides insights into the political landscape of Weimar Germany and the factors leading to the Holocaust.
HistoryExplore the pivotal role of Otto von Bismarck in the unification of the German states in 1871. This essay delves into Bismarck's leadership, the influence of the Prussian military, the economic significance of the Zollverein, and the decline of Austria. Understand how these factors intertwined to shape modern Germany. Ideal for higher history students studying the German Empire's foundation.
HistoryApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology