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31 Dec 2025

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Understanding the German Revolution (1918-19): Key Events and Impacts

Cassie

@cassie123

November 1918 was a massive turning point for Germany -... Show more

# THE ABDICATION
OF THE KAISER
(1918)

The streets of Berlin were full of
rioters. Some gathered outside of
the Reichstag, and some collecte

The German Revolution (1918-19)

Berlin was in complete chaos during November 1918. Rioters flooded the streets, some gathering outside the Reichstag whilst others grabbed weapons and seized control of parts of the city. Meanwhile, Kaiser Wilhelm II was stuck 700km away at army headquarters in Spa, completely cut off from the mayhem.

On 9th November, the Kaiser's own ministers begged him to abdicate, insisting it was the only way to restore order in Germany. When Wilhelm II refused, General Wilhelm Groener delivered the killer blow - he told the Kaiser that even the army had abandoned him. With no support left, Kaiser Wilhelm II had no choice but to abdicate.

The same day brought dramatic political theatre. Phillip Scheidemann from the Social Democratic Party heard that armed communist rioters were about to declare their own government in Berlin. Racing to an open window of the Reichstag, he shouted to the crowds below that the Kaiser was gone and proclaimed a new German Republic. The Kaiser's chancellor, Max Von Baden, handed power over to Friederich Ebert, and by the early hours of 10th November, Wilhelm II had fled into exile in Holland.

Key Point: The Kaiser's abdication happened because he lost support from both his ministers and the army - without them, he was powerless to stop the revolution.

Ebert moved quickly to establish control. He struck a deal with General Groener to keep the army working with the new government against communist threats. The old Reichstag was suspended, and Ebert created the Council of People's Representatives - six moderate politicians who would run Germany temporarily until a proper constitution could be written. Their first major decision came on 11th November 1918, when Ebert's representative Matthias Erzberger signed the armistice, formally ending World War One for Germany.

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31 Dec 2025

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1 page

Understanding the German Revolution (1918-19): Key Events and Impacts

Cassie

@cassie123

November 1918 was a massive turning point for Germany - the Kaiser was forced out, the country became a republic, and World War One finally ended. In just a few chaotic days, everything changed as riots filled the streets and... Show more

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The German Revolution (1918-19)

Key Point: The Kaiser's abdication happened because he lost support from both his ministers and the army - without them, he was powerless to stop the revolution.