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23 Dec 2025
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Edexcel Migration Course: Notting Hill Mind Maps
H
Hayden
@ayden_bvvxfodnklczvt
1 / 4
Course Overview: Notting Hill Migration
Today's Notting Hill might be famous for trendy cafes and celebrity spotting, but its transformation tells an incredible story of migration and community building. This area of West London became home to thousands of Caribbean migrants who arrived after WW2, completely changing its character.
The British Nationality Act helped bring these migrants to what they were told was their 'mother country'. However, the reality they faced was far from welcoming, with widespread racial discrimination from both ordinary citizens and the Metropolitan Police.
Key Point: Understanding Notting Hill's history helps explain modern British multiculturalism and ongoing issues around housing, policing, and racial equality.
Post-War Housing Crisis and Exploitation
When Caribbean migrants arrived in Notting Hill, they found themselves trapped in a housing nightmare that would shape the area for decades. Many houses had been declared unfit for human habitation, but German bombing during the war meant people had few choices.
Slum housing became the norm, with multiple families crammed into HMOs (houses of multiple occupancies). The cheap rent attracted poorer Caribbean families, but they faced shocking exploitation from landlords like Peter Rachmann, who overcharged tenants and sometimes rented out individual beds.
The community fought back with brilliant solutions like pardner schemes - joint-buying systems where families pooled their savings to purchase homes together. The Notting Hill Housing Trust, set up by Bruce Kendrick, also worked to renovate properties and offer fair rent prices.
Remember: The Windrush Generation chose Notting Hill not because it was desirable, but because it was one of the few places where Black families could find housing at all.
Caribbean Culture and the Notting Hill Riots
As the Caribbean community grew, they created their own cultural spaces to escape the colour bar - the widespread practice of excluding Black people from pubs, shops, and restaurants. Portobello Road market evolved to serve the new residents, whilst entrepreneurs like Frank Crichlow opened The Rio, creating safe spaces free from racism.
All Saints Road became the heart of Black community life. Underground bars called shebeens operated in basements and front rooms, offering cheap entertainment and loud music without the discrimination found elsewhere.
Tensions exploded in 1958 when Teddy Boys and the White Defence League launched violent attacks on Caribbean homes and businesses. The Notting Hill Riots saw gangs using petrol bombs and metal bars against Black residents, who took to the streets to defend themselves.
The murder of Kelso Cochrane in 1959 shocked many when police claimed it was just a robbery gone wrong. No one was ever convicted, leading to the formation of the IFFC to pressure for police reform and better protection.
Critical Fact: Over 140 people were arrested during the riots, mostly white attackers, yet the police were accused of responding too slowly and failing to protect the Caribbean community.
The Mangrove Nine and Cultural Revolution
Frank Crichlow's Mangrove restaurant, opened in 1968, became much more than a place to eat - it was the social centre of Black Notting Hill. Police constantly raided it searching for drugs they never found, leading many to believe this harassment targeted Crichlow's success as a Black businessman.
The Black British Panthers organised a demonstration in 1970, resulting in nine arrests including Crichlow and activist Darcus Howe. The Mangrove Nine trial at the Old Bailey became a landmark moment when defendants brilliantly exposed police lies and racism, winning acquittal on the most serious charges.
Meanwhile, Claudia Jones launched the West Indian Gazette in 1958, reaching 15,000 readers with news about Caribbean life, jobs, and housing. After the riots, she organised the first Caribbean carnival - initially held indoors - to bring the community together and celebrate their culture.
This indoor event became the forerunner to today's Notting Hill Carnival, one of Europe's largest street festivals, showing how a community's response to racism created something that enriches all of British culture.
Legacy Point: The Mangrove Nine trial is now recognised as a crucial moment in Black British civil rights, proving that organised resistance could challenge institutional racism successfully.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
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The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
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In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Edexcel Migration Course: Notting Hill Mind Maps
H
Hayden
@ayden_bvvxfodnklczvt
Ever wondered how a poor, run-down area of London became one of the coolest neighbourhoods in the city? The story of Notting Hill shows how Caribbean migration after World War II transformed both a community and British culture forever.
Course Overview: Notting Hill Migration
Today's Notting Hill might be famous for trendy cafes and celebrity spotting, but its transformation tells an incredible story of migration and community building. This area of West London became home to thousands of Caribbean migrants who arrived after WW2, completely changing its character.
The British Nationality Act helped bring these migrants to what they were told was their 'mother country'. However, the reality they faced was far from welcoming, with widespread racial discrimination from both ordinary citizens and the Metropolitan Police.
Key Point: Understanding Notting Hill's history helps explain modern British multiculturalism and ongoing issues around housing, policing, and racial equality.
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Improve your grades
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Post-War Housing Crisis and Exploitation
When Caribbean migrants arrived in Notting Hill, they found themselves trapped in a housing nightmare that would shape the area for decades. Many houses had been declared unfit for human habitation, but German bombing during the war meant people had few choices.
Slum housing became the norm, with multiple families crammed into HMOs (houses of multiple occupancies). The cheap rent attracted poorer Caribbean families, but they faced shocking exploitation from landlords like Peter Rachmann, who overcharged tenants and sometimes rented out individual beds.
The community fought back with brilliant solutions like pardner schemes - joint-buying systems where families pooled their savings to purchase homes together. The Notting Hill Housing Trust, set up by Bruce Kendrick, also worked to renovate properties and offer fair rent prices.
Remember: The Windrush Generation chose Notting Hill not because it was desirable, but because it was one of the few places where Black families could find housing at all.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Caribbean Culture and the Notting Hill Riots
As the Caribbean community grew, they created their own cultural spaces to escape the colour bar - the widespread practice of excluding Black people from pubs, shops, and restaurants. Portobello Road market evolved to serve the new residents, whilst entrepreneurs like Frank Crichlow opened The Rio, creating safe spaces free from racism.
All Saints Road became the heart of Black community life. Underground bars called shebeens operated in basements and front rooms, offering cheap entertainment and loud music without the discrimination found elsewhere.
Tensions exploded in 1958 when Teddy Boys and the White Defence League launched violent attacks on Caribbean homes and businesses. The Notting Hill Riots saw gangs using petrol bombs and metal bars against Black residents, who took to the streets to defend themselves.
The murder of Kelso Cochrane in 1959 shocked many when police claimed it was just a robbery gone wrong. No one was ever convicted, leading to the formation of the IFFC to pressure for police reform and better protection.
Critical Fact: Over 140 people were arrested during the riots, mostly white attackers, yet the police were accused of responding too slowly and failing to protect the Caribbean community.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Mangrove Nine and Cultural Revolution
Frank Crichlow's Mangrove restaurant, opened in 1968, became much more than a place to eat - it was the social centre of Black Notting Hill. Police constantly raided it searching for drugs they never found, leading many to believe this harassment targeted Crichlow's success as a Black businessman.
The Black British Panthers organised a demonstration in 1970, resulting in nine arrests including Crichlow and activist Darcus Howe. The Mangrove Nine trial at the Old Bailey became a landmark moment when defendants brilliantly exposed police lies and racism, winning acquittal on the most serious charges.
Meanwhile, Claudia Jones launched the West Indian Gazette in 1958, reaching 15,000 readers with news about Caribbean life, jobs, and housing. After the riots, she organised the first Caribbean carnival - initially held indoors - to bring the community together and celebrate their culture.
This indoor event became the forerunner to today's Notting Hill Carnival, one of Europe's largest street festivals, showing how a community's response to racism created something that enriches all of British culture.
Legacy Point: The Mangrove Nine trial is now recognised as a crucial moment in Black British civil rights, proving that organised resistance could challenge institutional racism successfully.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user