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A Level Geography Mind Maps: Water Cycle & Coasts + TNCs Explained

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Carlo

05/10/2023

Geography

Mindmap on Globalisation

A Level Geography Mind Maps: Water Cycle & Coasts + TNCs Explained

Transnational corporations (TNCs) play a major role in shaping the modern globalized economy, bringing both opportunities and challenges to host countries.

These large companies, like Apple, Nike, and Coca-Cola, operate across multiple nations and significantly influence global trade patterns. In developing countries, TNCs can stimulate economic growth by creating jobs, transferring technology, and improving infrastructure. They often bring capital investment, provide training opportunities, and help integrate local economies into global markets. For example, when a TNC establishes a manufacturing facility, it typically employs local workers, introduces new production methods, and develops supply chains that benefit local businesses.

However, the presence of TNCs also presents several challenges, particularly for developing nations. Environmental degradation often occurs as some companies exploit weak regulations in host countries. Local businesses may struggle to compete with these powerful corporations, leading to market monopolization. Workers might face poor working conditions and low wages, as TNCs seek to minimize costs. Cultural homogenization is another concern, as global brands can overshadow local traditions and practices. The economic power of TNCs can also influence government policies, potentially undermining national sovereignty. For instance, some companies have been criticized for negotiating tax breaks that reduce potential government revenue or pressuring for looser environmental regulations. Understanding these complex dynamics is crucial for evaluating the role of TNCs in globalisation and their impact on society. When assessing their overall influence, it's essential to consider both their positive contributions to economic development and their potential negative effects on local communities and environments.

...

05/10/2023

712

GEOGRAPHY-
To reduce risk
To access markets
by having branches (emerging) to Incr. Sales (envircament)
More relayed rubs
and laws Uomer tax)

View

Globalization and Its Impacts

Globalization has led to significant changes in global trade and cultural exchange:

  1. Space-time compression: The proliferation of the internet and mobile phones has made instant global communication possible.

  2. Glocalization: Global products are adapted for local markets, creating 'glocal' offerings.

  3. Increased trade flows: TNCs facilitate significant global flows of trade and commodities.

  4. Cultural influence: TNCs shape global cultures through their products across many nations.

Definition: Globalization is the process by which global firms and brands adapt their products to increase appeal in local markets while maintaining a global presence.

Factors accelerating globalization include:

  • Colonialism
  • Rise of TNCs
  • Financial market integration
  • Technological innovations in transport

Vocabulary: Space-time compression refers to the phenomenon where technological advancements make it feel like the world is 'shrinking' due to faster communication and transport.

The impact of TNCs on global trade is substantial:

  • They create spatial divisions of labor with global supply chains
  • TNCs connect different markets through their supply chains
  • They have branches in multiple countries, facilitating global trade
GEOGRAPHY-
To reduce risk
To access markets
by having branches (emerging) to Incr. Sales (envircament)
More relayed rubs
and laws Uomer tax)

View

Migration in the Context of Globalization

Migration is a crucial aspect of globalization, with various types of movement:

  1. Voluntary migrants:

    • Permanent moves for work or quality of life
    • Temporary moves for work opportunities
  2. Forced migrants:

    • Refugees and asylum seekers displaced by war or famine
  3. Illegal migrants:

    • Often part of organized criminal activity

Highlight: There is not a 'level playing field' for global migration. It's easier for people with money or skills to migrate compared to the poor.

Types of migrants in the global economy:

  • Elite migrants (e.g., surgeons, lawyers, footballers)
  • Low-wage migrants
  • Internal migrants (rural to urban)

Example: 'Fortress Europe' tends to welcome elite migrants more readily than low-wage migrants from poorer countries.

The migration process can involve:

  • Temporary stays (weeks to years)
  • Permanent relocation with granted citizenship
  • Repatriation or deportation to the country of origin

Migration patterns are influenced by global economic trends, political situations, and the policies of both sending and receiving countries.

GEOGRAPHY-
To reduce risk
To access markets
by having branches (emerging) to Incr. Sales (envircament)
More relayed rubs
and laws Uomer tax)

View

Reasons for TNC Global Growth

Transnational corporations (TNCs) expand globally for various strategic reasons:

  1. Risk reduction through diversification
  2. Access to emerging markets to increase sales
  3. Utilization of cheaper labor and land in developing countries
  4. Acquisition of skilled talent globally
  5. Circumvention of trade barriers like tariffs and quotas
  6. Access to raw materials and resources year-round
  7. Government incentives such as tax breaks and grants

Highlight: TNCs are often referred to as the 'architects of globalization' due to their significant influence on global economic patterns.

The global shift in manufacturing has seen TNCs moving production to countries like China and outsourcing services to nations such as India. This shift is driven by:

  • Lower labor costs in emerging economies
  • Availability of cheaper land
  • Access to raw materials
  • Government policies attracting foreign investment

Example: The value of two-way trade between the Americas and Asia in 2013 was double that between America and Europe, indicating a significant shift in global trade patterns.

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Geography

712

5 Oct 2023

4 pages

A Level Geography Mind Maps: Water Cycle & Coasts + TNCs Explained

Transnational corporations (TNCs) play a major role in shaping the modern globalized economy, bringing both opportunities and challenges to host countries.

These large companies, like Apple, Nike, and Coca-Cola, operate across multiple nations and significantly influence global trade patterns. In... Show more

GEOGRAPHY-
To reduce risk
To access markets
by having branches (emerging) to Incr. Sales (envircament)
More relayed rubs
and laws Uomer tax)

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Globalization and Its Impacts

Globalization has led to significant changes in global trade and cultural exchange:

  1. Space-time compression: The proliferation of the internet and mobile phones has made instant global communication possible.

  2. Glocalization: Global products are adapted for local markets, creating 'glocal' offerings.

  3. Increased trade flows: TNCs facilitate significant global flows of trade and commodities.

  4. Cultural influence: TNCs shape global cultures through their products across many nations.

Definition: Globalization is the process by which global firms and brands adapt their products to increase appeal in local markets while maintaining a global presence.

Factors accelerating globalization include:

  • Colonialism
  • Rise of TNCs
  • Financial market integration
  • Technological innovations in transport

Vocabulary: Space-time compression refers to the phenomenon where technological advancements make it feel like the world is 'shrinking' due to faster communication and transport.

The impact of TNCs on global trade is substantial:

  • They create spatial divisions of labor with global supply chains
  • TNCs connect different markets through their supply chains
  • They have branches in multiple countries, facilitating global trade
GEOGRAPHY-
To reduce risk
To access markets
by having branches (emerging) to Incr. Sales (envircament)
More relayed rubs
and laws Uomer tax)

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Migration in the Context of Globalization

Migration is a crucial aspect of globalization, with various types of movement:

  1. Voluntary migrants:

    • Permanent moves for work or quality of life
    • Temporary moves for work opportunities
  2. Forced migrants:

    • Refugees and asylum seekers displaced by war or famine
  3. Illegal migrants:

    • Often part of organized criminal activity

Highlight: There is not a 'level playing field' for global migration. It's easier for people with money or skills to migrate compared to the poor.

Types of migrants in the global economy:

  • Elite migrants (e.g., surgeons, lawyers, footballers)
  • Low-wage migrants
  • Internal migrants (rural to urban)

Example: 'Fortress Europe' tends to welcome elite migrants more readily than low-wage migrants from poorer countries.

The migration process can involve:

  • Temporary stays (weeks to years)
  • Permanent relocation with granted citizenship
  • Repatriation or deportation to the country of origin

Migration patterns are influenced by global economic trends, political situations, and the policies of both sending and receiving countries.

GEOGRAPHY-
To reduce risk
To access markets
by having branches (emerging) to Incr. Sales (envircament)
More relayed rubs
and laws Uomer tax)

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Reasons for TNC Global Growth

Transnational corporations (TNCs) expand globally for various strategic reasons:

  1. Risk reduction through diversification
  2. Access to emerging markets to increase sales
  3. Utilization of cheaper labor and land in developing countries
  4. Acquisition of skilled talent globally
  5. Circumvention of trade barriers like tariffs and quotas
  6. Access to raw materials and resources year-round
  7. Government incentives such as tax breaks and grants

Highlight: TNCs are often referred to as the 'architects of globalization' due to their significant influence on global economic patterns.

The global shift in manufacturing has seen TNCs moving production to countries like China and outsourcing services to nations such as India. This shift is driven by:

  • Lower labor costs in emerging economies
  • Availability of cheaper land
  • Access to raw materials
  • Government policies attracting foreign investment

Example: The value of two-way trade between the Americas and Asia in 2013 was double that between America and Europe, indicating a significant shift in global trade patterns.

GEOGRAPHY-
To reduce risk
To access markets
by having branches (emerging) to Incr. Sales (envircament)
More relayed rubs
and laws Uomer tax)

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

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This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user