Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
History
Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
Show all topics
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
Show all topics
Geography
13 Dec 2025
600
4 pages
✨Zara✨ @zara_miah19
Cities are growing faster than ever before, especially in developing countries where millions of people are moving from... Show more
Ever wondered why cities like Lagos or Mumbai seem to explode in size every year? Megacities are urban areas with over 10 million people, and they're growing fastest in Less Industrially Developed Countries (LICs) and Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs).
Two main forces drive this massive growth. Natural increase happens when birth rates exceed death rates - common in LICs because there are loads of young adults (18-35) and healthcare improvements mean fewer people die young.
Rural-urban migration is when people move from countryside to cities. Push factors like poor farming wages and isolation drive people away from rural areas, whilst pull factors like better jobs, healthcare, and education opportunities attract them to cities.
Key Point Understanding push and pull factors helps explain why cities in developing countries are growing so rapidly - it's not just about population growth, but about people actively choosing city life.
Traffic jams driving you mental? Cities worldwide use clever 'carrot and stick' strategies to tackle congestion. Carrot strategies encourage better choices - wider pavements for walking, cheap public transport, and park-and-ride schemes that keep cars out of city centres.
Stick strategies make car use expensive or difficult. Ultra-low emission zones (ULEZ) charge polluting vehicles, congestion charges make city driving costly, and restricted parking limits where you can leave your car.
Singapore's approach is brilliant - their public transport is so good that 75% of journeys will be by public transport by 2030. Want a car? You'll need a Certificate of Entitlement costing nearly $40,000! Beijing takes a different approach, banning each car one day per week based on registration plates.
Success Story Beijing's combined approach of car restrictions, rapid bus transit, and bike parks achieved a 20% reduction in car use.
Bristol isn't just another UK city - it's a major player both nationally and globally. Nationally, Bristol boasts two universities, two cathedrals, and excellent transport links to London, making it a key educational and cultural hub.
Internationally, Bristol punches above its weight. It has the largest concentration of silicon chip manufacturers outside California - pretty impressive for a British city! The docks handle around 700,000 car imports annually from Japan, Germany, and Korea.
Bristol's social opportunities are massive. Ashton Court and Clifton Downs provide outdoor recreation, whilst entertainment ranges from the historic Bristol Old Vic theatre to two professional football teams and a premiership rugby team.
The city's cultural mix is legendary. It's home to world-famous street artist Banksy, hosts the International Balloon Fiesta, and its diverse population has created amazing food scenes and underground music culture.
Cool Fact Bristol's youthful, diverse population has created one of the UK's most vibrant cultural scenes, from street art to music festivals.
Think animation is just cartoons? Think again - Aardman Animations (creators of Wallace and Gromit) calls Bristol home and has won Oscars for both stop-motion clay animation and computer-animated films, creating loads of creative job opportunities.
Bristol's financial services industry makes it one of the main financial hubs outside London. Strong links with local universities support this growth, showing how education and business work together.
Brunel's Engine Shed showcases Bristol's high-tech future. This historic building now houses cutting-edge industries including micro-electronics, media, and digital production companies, proving that old buildings can have very modern purposes.
These economic opportunities demonstrate how cities can successfully blend traditional industries with modern technology, creating diverse job markets that attract skilled workers from around the world.
Economic Impact Bristol's combination of creative industries, financial services, and high-tech companies creates a diverse economy that's less vulnerable to economic downturns.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
✨Zara✨
@zara_miah19
Cities are growing faster than ever before, especially in developing countries where millions of people are moving from rural areas to urban centres. This rapid urban growth creates both exciting opportunities and serious challenges that affect how people live, work,... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ever wondered why cities like Lagos or Mumbai seem to explode in size every year? Megacities are urban areas with over 10 million people, and they're growing fastest in Less Industrially Developed Countries (LICs) and Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs).
Two main forces drive this massive growth. Natural increase happens when birth rates exceed death rates - common in LICs because there are loads of young adults (18-35) and healthcare improvements mean fewer people die young.
Rural-urban migration is when people move from countryside to cities. Push factors like poor farming wages and isolation drive people away from rural areas, whilst pull factors like better jobs, healthcare, and education opportunities attract them to cities.
Key Point: Understanding push and pull factors helps explain why cities in developing countries are growing so rapidly - it's not just about population growth, but about people actively choosing city life.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Traffic jams driving you mental? Cities worldwide use clever 'carrot and stick' strategies to tackle congestion. Carrot strategies encourage better choices - wider pavements for walking, cheap public transport, and park-and-ride schemes that keep cars out of city centres.
Stick strategies make car use expensive or difficult. Ultra-low emission zones (ULEZ) charge polluting vehicles, congestion charges make city driving costly, and restricted parking limits where you can leave your car.
Singapore's approach is brilliant - their public transport is so good that 75% of journeys will be by public transport by 2030. Want a car? You'll need a Certificate of Entitlement costing nearly $40,000! Beijing takes a different approach, banning each car one day per week based on registration plates.
Success Story: Beijing's combined approach of car restrictions, rapid bus transit, and bike parks achieved a 20% reduction in car use.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Bristol isn't just another UK city - it's a major player both nationally and globally. Nationally, Bristol boasts two universities, two cathedrals, and excellent transport links to London, making it a key educational and cultural hub.
Internationally, Bristol punches above its weight. It has the largest concentration of silicon chip manufacturers outside California - pretty impressive for a British city! The docks handle around 700,000 car imports annually from Japan, Germany, and Korea.
Bristol's social opportunities are massive. Ashton Court and Clifton Downs provide outdoor recreation, whilst entertainment ranges from the historic Bristol Old Vic theatre to two professional football teams and a premiership rugby team.
The city's cultural mix is legendary. It's home to world-famous street artist Banksy, hosts the International Balloon Fiesta, and its diverse population has created amazing food scenes and underground music culture.
Cool Fact: Bristol's youthful, diverse population has created one of the UK's most vibrant cultural scenes, from street art to music festivals.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Think animation is just cartoons? Think again - Aardman Animations (creators of Wallace and Gromit) calls Bristol home and has won Oscars for both stop-motion clay animation and computer-animated films, creating loads of creative job opportunities.
Bristol's financial services industry makes it one of the main financial hubs outside London. Strong links with local universities support this growth, showing how education and business work together.
Brunel's Engine Shed showcases Bristol's high-tech future. This historic building now houses cutting-edge industries including micro-electronics, media, and digital production companies, proving that old buildings can have very modern purposes.
These economic opportunities demonstrate how cities can successfully blend traditional industries with modern technology, creating diverse job markets that attract skilled workers from around the world.
Economic Impact: Bristol's combination of creative industries, financial services, and high-tech companies creates a diverse economy that's less vulnerable to economic downturns.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
4
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology