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5 Dec 2025
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Complete OCR B GCSE Geography Case Studies and Notes
Aarya
@aaryathiru_vqyq
1 / 10
Course Overview and Weather Hazards
Your OCR B Geography course covers seven key areas that all connect to show how our world works. You'll study everything from global hazards like floods and droughts to how cities are developing in different countries.
Weather hazards happen when extreme weather causes serious problems for people and places. The Boscastle flood in 2004 shows how quickly things can go wrong - a month's rain fell in just two hours! This happened because Boscastle sits where three rivers meet, and the steep, rocky landscape couldn't absorb the water.
The impacts were massive: over 1,000 homes and businesses were damaged, cars got swept into the harbour, and the local tourism industry took a big hit. But the response was impressive too - the Environment Agency spent £10 million on flood defences, widening rivers and replacing bridges to let water flow better.
Quick Tip: Remember that weather hazards have causes, impacts, and responses - this pattern appears in every case study!
Global Weather Patterns and Tectonic Hazards
Australia's Millennium Drought (1997-2009) shows how weather hazards affect entire countries differently than the UK. This wasn't a sudden event like Boscastle - it lasted over a decade! El Niño climate patterns reversed the usual trade winds, sending Australia's rain to South America instead.
The impacts were huge: crop failures meant Australia had to import food, pushing up prices everywhere. Rural communities struggled to get clean water, and massive wildfires destroyed habitats. The response was equally massive - desalination plants, water recycling, and over 25% of homes now collect rainwater.
Tectonic hazards work differently from weather ones. They happen at plate boundaries where Earth's massive plates meet and interact. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur along these boundaries, especially around the Pacific Ring of Fire. Climate change is making weather hazards worse through rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and more extreme weather events.
Remember: Tectonic hazards are about Earth's structure, while weather hazards are about atmosphere and climate!
UK Landscapes - Rivers and Coasts
UK landscapes tell amazing stories about how water shapes our country. The River Eden in Cumbria is a perfect example of how rivers change from source to mouth. In the upper course, it's all about vertical erosion cutting down through rock, creating V-shaped valleys and waterfalls.
As you follow the Eden downstream, everything changes. The middle course develops meanders as the river starts eroding sideways instead of downwards. By the lower course, you get wide floodplains with oxbow lakes where old meanders got cut off.
The Dorset Coast shows how geology creates dramatically different coastal landscapes. Differential erosion means soft rocks get worn away faster than hard ones, creating headlands and bays. Durdle Door is a famous arch that'll eventually become a stack when the top collapses.
Depositional landforms like Chesil Beach show where waves drop material they've been carrying. These landscapes need careful management to balance tourism, development, and conservation.
Top Tip: Always link landforms to the processes that created them - examiners love this!
Urban Futures - Contrasting Cities
Over half the world's population now lives in cities, and this urbanization is happening fastest in developing countries. Lagos, Nigeria perfectly shows both the opportunities and challenges of rapid urban growth.
Lagos has exploded from a small fishing village to a megacity of over 21 million people. Rural-urban migration drives this growth as people seek better opportunities, but the city struggles to cope. About 60% of residents live in informal settlements like Makoko, where basic services are limited.
The challenges are enormous: inadequate water supply, waste management problems, severe traffic congestion, and massive inequality between rich and poor areas. But Lagos is fighting back with initiatives like the Bus Rapid Transit system and waste-to-energy projects.
London faces different urban challenges as an advanced city. Housing affordability, transport pressure, and environmental concerns dominate. The London Plan provides strategic direction, showing how advanced cities use planning to manage growth sustainably.
Key Point: Remember that cities in different development stages face different challenges and have different resources to tackle them!
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Complete OCR B GCSE Geography Case Studies and Notes
Aarya
@aaryathiru_vqyq
GCSE Geography can feel overwhelming with all those case studies and processes to remember, but breaking it down makes it much more manageable. These OCR B revision notes cover the essential topics you'll need for your exams, from dramatic natural... Show more
Course Overview and Weather Hazards
Your OCR B Geography course covers seven key areas that all connect to show how our world works. You'll study everything from global hazards like floods and droughts to how cities are developing in different countries.
Weather hazards happen when extreme weather causes serious problems for people and places. The Boscastle flood in 2004 shows how quickly things can go wrong - a month's rain fell in just two hours! This happened because Boscastle sits where three rivers meet, and the steep, rocky landscape couldn't absorb the water.
The impacts were massive: over 1,000 homes and businesses were damaged, cars got swept into the harbour, and the local tourism industry took a big hit. But the response was impressive too - the Environment Agency spent £10 million on flood defences, widening rivers and replacing bridges to let water flow better.
Quick Tip: Remember that weather hazards have causes, impacts, and responses - this pattern appears in every case study!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Global Weather Patterns and Tectonic Hazards
Australia's Millennium Drought (1997-2009) shows how weather hazards affect entire countries differently than the UK. This wasn't a sudden event like Boscastle - it lasted over a decade! El Niño climate patterns reversed the usual trade winds, sending Australia's rain to South America instead.
The impacts were huge: crop failures meant Australia had to import food, pushing up prices everywhere. Rural communities struggled to get clean water, and massive wildfires destroyed habitats. The response was equally massive - desalination plants, water recycling, and over 25% of homes now collect rainwater.
Tectonic hazards work differently from weather ones. They happen at plate boundaries where Earth's massive plates meet and interact. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur along these boundaries, especially around the Pacific Ring of Fire. Climate change is making weather hazards worse through rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and more extreme weather events.
Remember: Tectonic hazards are about Earth's structure, while weather hazards are about atmosphere and climate!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
UK Landscapes - Rivers and Coasts
UK landscapes tell amazing stories about how water shapes our country. The River Eden in Cumbria is a perfect example of how rivers change from source to mouth. In the upper course, it's all about vertical erosion cutting down through rock, creating V-shaped valleys and waterfalls.
As you follow the Eden downstream, everything changes. The middle course develops meanders as the river starts eroding sideways instead of downwards. By the lower course, you get wide floodplains with oxbow lakes where old meanders got cut off.
The Dorset Coast shows how geology creates dramatically different coastal landscapes. Differential erosion means soft rocks get worn away faster than hard ones, creating headlands and bays. Durdle Door is a famous arch that'll eventually become a stack when the top collapses.
Depositional landforms like Chesil Beach show where waves drop material they've been carrying. These landscapes need careful management to balance tourism, development, and conservation.
Top Tip: Always link landforms to the processes that created them - examiners love this!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Urban Futures - Contrasting Cities
Over half the world's population now lives in cities, and this urbanization is happening fastest in developing countries. Lagos, Nigeria perfectly shows both the opportunities and challenges of rapid urban growth.
Lagos has exploded from a small fishing village to a megacity of over 21 million people. Rural-urban migration drives this growth as people seek better opportunities, but the city struggles to cope. About 60% of residents live in informal settlements like Makoko, where basic services are limited.
The challenges are enormous: inadequate water supply, waste management problems, severe traffic congestion, and massive inequality between rich and poor areas. But Lagos is fighting back with initiatives like the Bus Rapid Transit system and waste-to-energy projects.
London faces different urban challenges as an advanced city. Housing affordability, transport pressure, and environmental concerns dominate. The London Plan provides strategic direction, showing how advanced cities use planning to manage growth sustainably.
Key Point: Remember that cities in different development stages face different challenges and have different resources to tackle them!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Join milions of students
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content: Human Impacts on the Environment
Most popular content in Geography
Most popular content
English - inspector calls quotes and analysis
Quotes from every main character
English Literature10
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user