Zemeljsko površje ni statično - nenehno se spreminja zaradi delovanja... Show more
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Updated Mar 28, 2026
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Oblikovanje in preoblikovanje površja: Endogene in eksogene sile
1 / 6
Oblikovanje površja - osnove
Če se ti zdi, da je tla pod tvojimi nogami nepremična, se motiš! Zemeljsko površje se dejansko ves čas spreminja, le to se dogaja tako počasi, da tega ne opaziš.
Za oblikovanje površja so odgovorne notranje in zunanje sile, ki delujejo kot neprestani "spopad". Notranje sile gradijo relief, zunanje pa ga preoblikujejo in uravnavajo.
Relief so vse neravnine na zemeljskem površju - gore, hribi, doline in kotline. Litosfera je zunanja trdna lupina Zemlje, razdeljena na tektonske plošče, ki se počasi premikajo.
💡 Dobro je vedeti: Glavna razlika je v viru energije - notranje sile črpajo energijo iz Zemljine notranjosti, zunanje pa iz Sonca in gravitacije.
Notranje sile - graditelji reliefa
Endogene sile so prave arhitektke našega planeta. Poganja jih toplota iz Zemljine notranjosti, ki nastaja pri razpadu radioaktivnih elementov.
Gubanje nastane, ko se litosferske plošče potiskajo druga proti drugi. Predstavljaj si prt na mizi, ki ga potiskamo z obeh strani - tako nastanejo nagubana gorstva kot Alpe in Himalaja.
Ko so kamnine preveč krhke za gubanje, nastopi prelamljanje. Kamnine počijo, deli zemeljske skorje pa se premaknejo. Dvignjen del imenujemo graben, ugreznjen pa tektonski jarek.
Vulkanizem prinaša magmo na površje, kjer postane lava in tvori vulkane. Potresi so posledica nenadne sprostitve napetosti ob prelomih.
💡 Zanimivo: Posavsko hribovje v Sloveniji je nastalo s prelamljanjem - to je grudasto gorovje!
Zunanje sile - preoblikovalci površja
Eksogene sile so kot neprestani čistilci, ki poskušajo izravnati vse, kar so ustvarile notranje sile. Njihova energija prihaja od Sonca in gravitacije.
Rečna erozija je zelo učinkovita. Reke z močjo vode dolbejo struge v obliki črke V in odnašajo material. Ko se njihova hitrost zmanjša, material odložijo in nastanejo delte ter ravnice.
Ledeniška erozija je pustila velike sledi v preteklosti. Ledeniki so ustvarili doline v obliki črke U in ledeniška jezera kot Bohinjsko. Material, ki so ga pustili za sseboj, imenujemo morene.
Vetrna erozija je pomembna v suhih območjih, kjer veter odnaša pesek in tvori sipine. Morska erozija pa ustvarja strme klije in peščene plaže.
💡 Pomni si: Preperevanje = razpadanje na mestu, erozija = razpadanje + transport materiala!
Primeri iz Slovenije in sveta
Alpe so odličen primer gubanja. Nastale so ob trku Afriške in Evrazijske plošče, ki je kamnine nagubala in dvignila visoko nad morje. Naše Julijske Alpe so del tega sistema.
Soška dolina pripoveduje zgodbo ledu in vode. V ledeni dobi je po njej tekel velik ledenik, ki ji je dal obliko črke U. Pozneje je reka Soča vrezala svojo strugo v dno ledeniške doline.
Postojnska jama kaže moč kemičnega preperevanja. Voda, rahlo kisla zaradi CO2, počasi raztaplja apnenec in v tisočletjih ustvari obsežne podzemne sisteme rovov in dvoran.
Ti primeri kažejo, kako notranje sile ustvarijo osnovno strukturo (Alpe), zunanje sile pa jo nato preoblikujejo (Soška dolina, kraške jame).
💡 Za teste: Vedno poveži proces z ustrezno silo in konkretnim primerom - tako boš dobil vse točke!
Ključne razlike in povzetek
Celotno zemeljsko površje je rezultat nenehnega "boja" med nasprotujočimi si silami. Konstruktivne notranje sile gradijo relief, destruktivne zunanje sile pa ga razgrajujejo.
Vir energije je ključen za razumevanje: notranje sile črpajo energijo iz Zemljine notranjosti, zunanje pa od Sonca in gravitacije. Končna podoba pokrajine je kompromis med tema procesoma.
Pomembno zaporedje: Najprej preperevanje (razpadanje), nato erozija (transport), nazadnje akumulacija (odlaganje). Ta cikel se ponavlja neprestano.
Za uspešno opravljanje testov moraš znati povezati določen proces z ustrezno silo in konkretnim primerom. Razumevanje teh osnovnih principov ti bo pomagalo pri razlagi vseh reliefnih oblik.
💡 Kontrolni seznam: Razumem razliko med silami, znam opisati procese, poznam slovenske in svetovne primere ter razumem zaporedje preperevanje → erozija → akumulacija.
Hiter pregled za ponavljanje
• Oblikovanje površja = nenehno delovanje notranjih in zunanjih sil
• NOTRANJE (ENDOGENE) SILE:
- Vir: toplota iz Zemljine notranjosti
- Procesi: gubanje, prelamljanje, vulkanizem, potresi
- Učinek: gradijo relief (gore, vulkani)
• ZUNANJE (EKSOGENE) SILE:
- Vir: Sonce in gravitacija
- Procesi: preperevanje, erozija, akumulacija
- Učinek: razgrajujejo in preoblikujejo relief
Končna podoba pokrajine je rezultat kompromisa med tema nasprotujočima procesoma. Vsaka reliefna oblika, ki jo vidiš, je zgodba o tem, kako so se te sile potegovale za oblikovanje površja.
💡 Zadnji nasvet: Če razumeš osnovno logiko delovanja sil, lahko razložiš nastanek katere koli reliefne oblike na svetu!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Oblikovanje in preoblikovanje površja: Endogene in eksogene sile
Zemeljsko površje ni statično - nenehno se spreminja zaradi delovanja mogočnih sil iz Zemljine notranjosti in z njenega površja. Te sile so odgovorne za nastanek gora, dolin, vulkanov in vseh drugih reliefnih oblik, ki jih vidimo okoli sebe.
Oblikovanje površja - osnove
Če se ti zdi, da je tla pod tvojimi nogami nepremična, se motiš! Zemeljsko površje se dejansko ves čas spreminja, le to se dogaja tako počasi, da tega ne opaziš.
Za oblikovanje površja so odgovorne notranje in zunanje sile, ki delujejo kot neprestani "spopad". Notranje sile gradijo relief, zunanje pa ga preoblikujejo in uravnavajo.
Relief so vse neravnine na zemeljskem površju - gore, hribi, doline in kotline. Litosfera je zunanja trdna lupina Zemlje, razdeljena na tektonske plošče, ki se počasi premikajo.
💡 Dobro je vedeti: Glavna razlika je v viru energije - notranje sile črpajo energijo iz Zemljine notranjosti, zunanje pa iz Sonca in gravitacije.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Notranje sile - graditelji reliefa
Endogene sile so prave arhitektke našega planeta. Poganja jih toplota iz Zemljine notranjosti, ki nastaja pri razpadu radioaktivnih elementov.
Gubanje nastane, ko se litosferske plošče potiskajo druga proti drugi. Predstavljaj si prt na mizi, ki ga potiskamo z obeh strani - tako nastanejo nagubana gorstva kot Alpe in Himalaja.
Ko so kamnine preveč krhke za gubanje, nastopi prelamljanje. Kamnine počijo, deli zemeljske skorje pa se premaknejo. Dvignjen del imenujemo graben, ugreznjen pa tektonski jarek.
Vulkanizem prinaša magmo na površje, kjer postane lava in tvori vulkane. Potresi so posledica nenadne sprostitve napetosti ob prelomih.
💡 Zanimivo: Posavsko hribovje v Sloveniji je nastalo s prelamljanjem - to je grudasto gorovje!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Zunanje sile - preoblikovalci površja
Eksogene sile so kot neprestani čistilci, ki poskušajo izravnati vse, kar so ustvarile notranje sile. Njihova energija prihaja od Sonca in gravitacije.
Rečna erozija je zelo učinkovita. Reke z močjo vode dolbejo struge v obliki črke V in odnašajo material. Ko se njihova hitrost zmanjša, material odložijo in nastanejo delte ter ravnice.
Ledeniška erozija je pustila velike sledi v preteklosti. Ledeniki so ustvarili doline v obliki črke U in ledeniška jezera kot Bohinjsko. Material, ki so ga pustili za sseboj, imenujemo morene.
Vetrna erozija je pomembna v suhih območjih, kjer veter odnaša pesek in tvori sipine. Morska erozija pa ustvarja strme klije in peščene plaže.
💡 Pomni si: Preperevanje = razpadanje na mestu, erozija = razpadanje + transport materiala!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Primeri iz Slovenije in sveta
Alpe so odličen primer gubanja. Nastale so ob trku Afriške in Evrazijske plošče, ki je kamnine nagubala in dvignila visoko nad morje. Naše Julijske Alpe so del tega sistema.
Soška dolina pripoveduje zgodbo ledu in vode. V ledeni dobi je po njej tekel velik ledenik, ki ji je dal obliko črke U. Pozneje je reka Soča vrezala svojo strugo v dno ledeniške doline.
Postojnska jama kaže moč kemičnega preperevanja. Voda, rahlo kisla zaradi CO2, počasi raztaplja apnenec in v tisočletjih ustvari obsežne podzemne sisteme rovov in dvoran.
Ti primeri kažejo, kako notranje sile ustvarijo osnovno strukturo (Alpe), zunanje sile pa jo nato preoblikujejo (Soška dolina, kraške jame).
💡 Za teste: Vedno poveži proces z ustrezno silo in konkretnim primerom - tako boš dobil vse točke!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključne razlike in povzetek
Celotno zemeljsko površje je rezultat nenehnega "boja" med nasprotujočimi si silami. Konstruktivne notranje sile gradijo relief, destruktivne zunanje sile pa ga razgrajujejo.
Vir energije je ključen za razumevanje: notranje sile črpajo energijo iz Zemljine notranjosti, zunanje pa od Sonca in gravitacije. Končna podoba pokrajine je kompromis med tema procesoma.
Pomembno zaporedje: Najprej preperevanje (razpadanje), nato erozija (transport), nazadnje akumulacija (odlaganje). Ta cikel se ponavlja neprestano.
Za uspešno opravljanje testov moraš znati povezati določen proces z ustrezno silo in konkretnim primerom. Razumevanje teh osnovnih principov ti bo pomagalo pri razlagi vseh reliefnih oblik.
💡 Kontrolni seznam: Razumem razliko med silami, znam opisati procese, poznam slovenske in svetovne primere ter razumem zaporedje preperevanje → erozija → akumulacija.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Join milions of students
Hiter pregled za ponavljanje
• Oblikovanje površja = nenehno delovanje notranjih in zunanjih sil
• NOTRANJE (ENDOGENE) SILE:
- Vir: toplota iz Zemljine notranjosti
- Procesi: gubanje, prelamljanje, vulkanizem, potresi
- Učinek: gradijo relief (gore, vulkani)
• ZUNANJE (EKSOGENE) SILE:
- Vir: Sonce in gravitacija
- Procesi: preperevanje, erozija, akumulacija
- Učinek: razgrajujejo in preoblikujejo relief
Končna podoba pokrajine je rezultat kompromisa med tema nasprotujočima procesoma. Vsaka reliefna oblika, ki jo vidiš, je zgodba o tem, kako so se te sile potegovale za oblikovanje površja.
💡 Zadnji nasvet: Če razumeš osnovno logiko delovanja sil, lahko razložiš nastanek katere koli reliefne oblike na svetu!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user