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Updated Mar 17, 2026

9 pages

Teplota a tepelná energia: Merania a vlastnosti materiálov

Teplota a teplo sú všade okolo nás - od varenia... Show more

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# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Základné pojmy - teplota a teplo

Keď držíš horúcu šálku čaju, tvoje ruky cítia teplotu - to je mierka toho, ako rýchlo sa pohybujú častice v látke. Čím vyššia teplota, tým divokejšie "tancujú" atómy a molekuly vo vnútri.

Teplo je úplně iná vec - to je energia, ktorá putuje z teplejšieho miesta na chladnejšie. Predstav si to ako rieku energie, ktorá vždy tečie jedným smerom, kým sa všetko nevyrovná na rovnakú teplotu.

Vnútorná energia je celková energia všetkých častíc v látke. Tepelná rovnováha nastane, keď si dve telesá vymenia dostatok tepla a majú rovnakú teplotu - vtedy už energia "neprúdi".

💡 Tip na skúšku: Nikdy si nezamieňaj teplotu (stav) s teplom (energia)! To je najčastejšia chyba v testoch.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Meranie teploty a teplotné stupnice

Teplomery fungují na jednoduchom principe - väčšina látok sa pri zahrievaní rozťahuje. Kvapalinové teplomery majú ortuť alebo lieh, ktorý stúpa v tenkej trubičke. Bimetalové teplomery používajú dva rôzne kovy, ktoré sa ohýbajú pri zmene teploty.

Musíš poznať dve teplotné stupnice. Celziova (°C) je pre bežný život - voda mrzne pri 0°C a vrie pri 100°C. Kelvinova (K) je pre vedu - začína na absolútnej nule 273,15°C-273,15°C, kde sa zastaví pohyb častíc.

Prevod medzi stupnicami je easy: T(K) = t(°C) + 273,15. Dôležité je, že zmena teploty o 1°C = zmena o 1K, takže v počtoch nemusíš nič prevádzať!

💡 Zaujímavosť: Absolútna nula je ako "tepelná smrť" - pri 0K sa všetky častice zastavia.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Tepelná rozťažnosť - prečo sa veci "nafukujú"

Asi si si všimol dilatačné škáry na mostoch alebo chodníkoch - to nie sú chyby stavbárov, ale múdre riešenie! Materiály sa pri zahrievaní rozťahujú a pri ochladení sťahujú.

Pre dĺžkovú rozťažnosť používame vzorec: Δl = l₀ · α · Δt. Alpha (α) je súčiniteľ rozťažnosti - každý materiál má svoj vlastný. Železné koľajnice sa môžu predĺžiť o niekoľko centimetrov!

Objemová rozťažnosť funguje podobne: ΔV = V₀ · β · Δt. Tu je beta (β) približne trikrát väčšia ako alfa.

Anomália vody je výnimka z pravidla - medzi 0°C a 4°C sa voda pri zahrievaní sťahuje! To zachraňuje rybky v zime, lebo ľad pláva na povrchu a izoluje vodu pod ním.

💡 Pre život: Preto sa plastové fľaše v mrazničke "roztrhnú" - voda sa pri zmrazení rozšíri.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Merná tepelná kapacita - prečo sa veci ohrievajú rýchlo či pomaly

Merná tepelná kapacita (c) ti povie, ako "tvrdohlavá" je látka pri ohrievaní. Voda je extra tvrdohlavá c=4180Jkg1K1c = 4180 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ - potrebuje kopec energie na ohriatie. Kovy sú oveľa "poddajnejšie".

Základný vzorec: Q = m · c · Δt. Q je teplo v jouloch, m hmotnosť, c merná tepelná kapacita a Δt zmena teploty.

Preto sa kovová lyžička v horúcom čaju ohreje behom sekúnd, ale voda v kanvici trvá minúty. Voda má vysoké c, takže sa pomaly ohrieva aj chladne - ideálne na radiátory!

💡 Praktický tip: Keď riešiš úlohy, vždy si najprv vypíš známe hodnoty a over si jednotky - vzorce fungujú len s kg, m, s, K, J.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva
# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva
# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva
# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva
# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva


We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Most popular content

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

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4.6/5

App Store

4.7/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

 

Fyzika

21

Updated Mar 17, 2026

9 pages

Teplota a tepelná energia: Merania a vlastnosti materiálov

Teplota a teplo sú všade okolo nás - od varenia cez počasie až po fungovanie radiátorov. Tieto fyzikálne pojmy sú základ termodynamiky a určite sa s nimi stretneš na skúškach z fyziky.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Základné pojmy - teplota a teplo

Keď držíš horúcu šálku čaju, tvoje ruky cítia teplotu - to je mierka toho, ako rýchlo sa pohybujú častice v látke. Čím vyššia teplota, tým divokejšie "tancujú" atómy a molekuly vo vnútri.

Teplo je úplně iná vec - to je energia, ktorá putuje z teplejšieho miesta na chladnejšie. Predstav si to ako rieku energie, ktorá vždy tečie jedným smerom, kým sa všetko nevyrovná na rovnakú teplotu.

Vnútorná energia je celková energia všetkých častíc v látke. Tepelná rovnováha nastane, keď si dve telesá vymenia dostatok tepla a majú rovnakú teplotu - vtedy už energia "neprúdi".

💡 Tip na skúšku: Nikdy si nezamieňaj teplotu (stav) s teplom (energia)! To je najčastejšia chyba v testoch.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Meranie teploty a teplotné stupnice

Teplomery fungují na jednoduchom principe - väčšina látok sa pri zahrievaní rozťahuje. Kvapalinové teplomery majú ortuť alebo lieh, ktorý stúpa v tenkej trubičke. Bimetalové teplomery používajú dva rôzne kovy, ktoré sa ohýbajú pri zmene teploty.

Musíš poznať dve teplotné stupnice. Celziova (°C) je pre bežný život - voda mrzne pri 0°C a vrie pri 100°C. Kelvinova (K) je pre vedu - začína na absolútnej nule 273,15°C-273,15°C, kde sa zastaví pohyb častíc.

Prevod medzi stupnicami je easy: T(K) = t(°C) + 273,15. Dôležité je, že zmena teploty o 1°C = zmena o 1K, takže v počtoch nemusíš nič prevádzať!

💡 Zaujímavosť: Absolútna nula je ako "tepelná smrť" - pri 0K sa všetky častice zastavia.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Tepelná rozťažnosť - prečo sa veci "nafukujú"

Asi si si všimol dilatačné škáry na mostoch alebo chodníkoch - to nie sú chyby stavbárov, ale múdre riešenie! Materiály sa pri zahrievaní rozťahujú a pri ochladení sťahujú.

Pre dĺžkovú rozťažnosť používame vzorec: Δl = l₀ · α · Δt. Alpha (α) je súčiniteľ rozťažnosti - každý materiál má svoj vlastný. Železné koľajnice sa môžu predĺžiť o niekoľko centimetrov!

Objemová rozťažnosť funguje podobne: ΔV = V₀ · β · Δt. Tu je beta (β) približne trikrát väčšia ako alfa.

Anomália vody je výnimka z pravidla - medzi 0°C a 4°C sa voda pri zahrievaní sťahuje! To zachraňuje rybky v zime, lebo ľad pláva na povrchu a izoluje vodu pod ním.

💡 Pre život: Preto sa plastové fľaše v mrazničke "roztrhnú" - voda sa pri zmrazení rozšíri.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Merná tepelná kapacita - prečo sa veci ohrievajú rýchlo či pomaly

Merná tepelná kapacita (c) ti povie, ako "tvrdohlavá" je látka pri ohrievaní. Voda je extra tvrdohlavá c=4180Jkg1K1c = 4180 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ - potrebuje kopec energie na ohriatie. Kovy sú oveľa "poddajnejšie".

Základný vzorec: Q = m · c · Δt. Q je teplo v jouloch, m hmotnosť, c merná tepelná kapacita a Δt zmena teploty.

Preto sa kovová lyžička v horúcom čaju ohreje behom sekúnd, ale voda v kanvici trvá minúty. Voda má vysoké c, takže sa pomaly ohrieva aj chladne - ideálne na radiátory!

💡 Praktický tip: Keď riešiš úlohy, vždy si najprv vypíš známe hodnoty a over si jednotky - vzorce fungujú len s kg, m, s, K, J.

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

# Teplota a teplo

## Úvod do témy

Ahojte! Dnes si prejdeme dôležitú tému z fyziky - teplotu a teplo. Je to základ
termodynamiky a stretáva

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

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4.6/5

App Store

4.7/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user