Vzťažné zámená sú ako lepidlo na vety - spájajú dve... Show more
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Updated Mar 16, 2026
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Vzťažné zámená: qui, que, où a dont – Jednoduchý sprievodca
1 / 6
Vzťažné zámená - úvod a základy
Predstav si, že namiesto "Vidím chlapca. Chlapec hrá futbal." môžeš povedať "Vidím chlapca, ktorý hrá futbal." Presne na to slúžia vzťažné zámená - nahrádzajú slová v druhej vete a spájajú ju s prvou.
Vzťažné zámeno je slovo, ktoré nahrádza podstatné meno alebo zámeno v druhej vete. Je dôležité rozoznávať tri základné funkcie slov vo vete: podmet (kto vykonáva činnosť), priamy predmet a nepriamy predmet (cez predložku).
Dnes sa naučíš štyri hlavné vzťažné zámená: qui, que, où a dont. Každé má svoju špecifickú funkciu a nemožno ich zamieňať.
Tip: Vzťažné zámená sú kľúčové pre pokročilejšie vyjadrovanie vo francúzštine!
Qui a que - najdôležitejšie zámená
Qui (kto, ktorý) nahrádza podmet - teda toho, kto vykonáva činnosť. Vždy za ním nasleduje sloveso! Napríklad: "Je vois le garçon qui joue au football" (Vidím chlapca, ktorý hrá futbal).
Que (ktorý, ktorú) nahrádza priamy predmet - na koho/čo činnosť smeruje. Za ním nasleduje podmet a potom sloveso. Príklad: "J'aime ce livre que tu lis" (Páči sa mi kniha, ktorú čítaš).
Pozor na elíziu! Ak slovo za "que" začína samohláskou, píšeme "qu'". Napríklad: "la voiture qu'il a achetée" (auto, ktoré kúpil).
Pamätaj si: Qui + sloveso VS Que + podmet + sloveso
Où a dont - miesto, čas a predložka de
Où (kde, kedy) je najjednoduchšie - používa sa pre miesto alebo čas. "J'habite dans cette ville où il y a un beau parc" (Bývam v meste, kde je krásny park) alebo "Je me souviens du jour où nous nous sommes rencontrés" (Pamätám si deň, kedy sme sa stretli).
Dont je trochu zložitejšie. Nahrádza podstatné meno, ktoré je s predložkou de. Prekladá sa ako "ktorého, ktorej, o ktorom". Napríklad: "J'ai un ami dont je parle souvent" (Mám kamaráta, o ktorom často hovorím).
Dont sa používa aj pri vlastníctve: "Voici le livre dont la couverture est rouge" (Tu je kniha, ktorej obal je červený).
Tip: Ak v druhej vete vidíš "de", pravdepodobne použiješ "dont"!
Prehľadná tabuľka a príklady
| **Zámeno** | **Nahrádza** | **Za ním nasleduje** | **Príklad** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qui | Podmet | Sloveso | Chlapec, ktorý hrá futbal |
| Que | Priamy predmet | Podmet + sloveso | Kniha, ktorú čítaš |
| Où | Miesto/čas | Podmet + sloveso | Mesto, kde bývam |
| Dont | de + podst. meno | Podmet + sloveso | Kamarát, o ktorom hovorím |
Skúsme si to precvičiť! "Elle a acheté une robe. J'adore cette robe." → "Elle a acheté une robe que j'adore." V druhej vete "cette robe" je priamy predmet (zbožňujem čo?), preto que.
"C'est la maison. J'ai grandi dans cette maison." → "C'est la maison où j'ai grandi." "Dans cette maison" označuje miesto, preto où.
Cvičenie robí majstra: Spájaj vety, ktoré si sám vymyslíš!
Dôležité tipy a časté chyby
Kľúčové rozdiely: Qui + sloveso VS Que + podmet + sloveso. Toto si musíš zapamätať, aby si ich nepomiešal!
Elízia que: Vždy pamätaj, že "que" sa zmení na "qu'" pred samohláskou - qu'il, qu'elle, qu'on. Je to automatické pravidlo.
Où je jednoduché: Ak ide o miesto alebo čas, takmer vždy je to où. Bez komplikácií!
Dont je zradné: Vždy si hľadaj predložku "de" v druhej vete. Príklady: parler de, avoir besoin de, avoir peur de, se souvenir de.
Pozor: Dont sa používa aj pri vlastníctve - "le livre de Pierre" → "dont"
Rýchle zhrnutie na záver
Vzťažné zámená ti pomôžu vytvárať dlhšie a prirodzenejšie vety vo francúzštine. Qui nahrádza podmet a za ním je sloveso. Que nahrádza priamy predmet, za ním je podmet + sloveso.
Où používaš pre miesto a čas - "La ville où j'habite" alebo "Le jour où nous sommes partis". Dont nahrádza "de + podstatné meno" - "L'ami dont je parle".
Najdôležitejšie je precvičovanie, hlavne rozdiel medzi qui a que a správne použitie dont. S týmito znalosťami budeš znieť ako skutočný francúzsky hovoriaci!
Záver: Tieto štyri zámená sú základ pokročilejšej francúzštiny - ovládni ich!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
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4.7/5
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Vzťažné zámená: qui, que, où a dont – Jednoduchý sprievodca
Vzťažné zámená sú ako lepidlo na vety - spájajú dve krátke vety do jednej dlhšej a pomáhajú ti znieť prirodzenejšie vo francúzštine. Namiesto opakovania slov používame qui, que, où a dont.
Vzťažné zámená - úvod a základy
Predstav si, že namiesto "Vidím chlapca. Chlapec hrá futbal." môžeš povedať "Vidím chlapca, ktorý hrá futbal." Presne na to slúžia vzťažné zámená - nahrádzajú slová v druhej vete a spájajú ju s prvou.
Vzťažné zámeno je slovo, ktoré nahrádza podstatné meno alebo zámeno v druhej vete. Je dôležité rozoznávať tri základné funkcie slov vo vete: podmet (kto vykonáva činnosť), priamy predmet a nepriamy predmet (cez predložku).
Dnes sa naučíš štyri hlavné vzťažné zámená: qui, que, où a dont. Každé má svoju špecifickú funkciu a nemožno ich zamieňať.
Tip: Vzťažné zámená sú kľúčové pre pokročilejšie vyjadrovanie vo francúzštine!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Qui a que - najdôležitejšie zámená
Qui (kto, ktorý) nahrádza podmet - teda toho, kto vykonáva činnosť. Vždy za ním nasleduje sloveso! Napríklad: "Je vois le garçon qui joue au football" (Vidím chlapca, ktorý hrá futbal).
Que (ktorý, ktorú) nahrádza priamy predmet - na koho/čo činnosť smeruje. Za ním nasleduje podmet a potom sloveso. Príklad: "J'aime ce livre que tu lis" (Páči sa mi kniha, ktorú čítaš).
Pozor na elíziu! Ak slovo za "que" začína samohláskou, píšeme "qu'". Napríklad: "la voiture qu'il a achetée" (auto, ktoré kúpil).
Pamätaj si: Qui + sloveso VS Que + podmet + sloveso
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Où a dont - miesto, čas a predložka de
Où (kde, kedy) je najjednoduchšie - používa sa pre miesto alebo čas. "J'habite dans cette ville où il y a un beau parc" (Bývam v meste, kde je krásny park) alebo "Je me souviens du jour où nous nous sommes rencontrés" (Pamätám si deň, kedy sme sa stretli).
Dont je trochu zložitejšie. Nahrádza podstatné meno, ktoré je s predložkou de. Prekladá sa ako "ktorého, ktorej, o ktorom". Napríklad: "J'ai un ami dont je parle souvent" (Mám kamaráta, o ktorom často hovorím).
Dont sa používa aj pri vlastníctve: "Voici le livre dont la couverture est rouge" (Tu je kniha, ktorej obal je červený).
Tip: Ak v druhej vete vidíš "de", pravdepodobne použiješ "dont"!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Prehľadná tabuľka a príklady
| **Zámeno** | **Nahrádza** | **Za ním nasleduje** | **Príklad** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qui | Podmet | Sloveso | Chlapec, ktorý hrá futbal |
| Que | Priamy predmet | Podmet + sloveso | Kniha, ktorú čítaš |
| Où | Miesto/čas | Podmet + sloveso | Mesto, kde bývam |
| Dont | de + podst. meno | Podmet + sloveso | Kamarát, o ktorom hovorím |
Skúsme si to precvičiť! "Elle a acheté une robe. J'adore cette robe." → "Elle a acheté une robe que j'adore." V druhej vete "cette robe" je priamy predmet (zbožňujem čo?), preto que.
"C'est la maison. J'ai grandi dans cette maison." → "C'est la maison où j'ai grandi." "Dans cette maison" označuje miesto, preto où.
Cvičenie robí majstra: Spájaj vety, ktoré si sám vymyslíš!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Dôležité tipy a časté chyby
Kľúčové rozdiely: Qui + sloveso VS Que + podmet + sloveso. Toto si musíš zapamätať, aby si ich nepomiešal!
Elízia que: Vždy pamätaj, že "que" sa zmení na "qu'" pred samohláskou - qu'il, qu'elle, qu'on. Je to automatické pravidlo.
Où je jednoduché: Ak ide o miesto alebo čas, takmer vždy je to où. Bez komplikácií!
Dont je zradné: Vždy si hľadaj predložku "de" v druhej vete. Príklady: parler de, avoir besoin de, avoir peur de, se souvenir de.
Pozor: Dont sa používa aj pri vlastníctve - "le livre de Pierre" → "dont"
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Rýchle zhrnutie na záver
Vzťažné zámená ti pomôžu vytvárať dlhšie a prirodzenejšie vety vo francúzštine. Qui nahrádza podmet a za ním je sloveso. Que nahrádza priamy predmet, za ním je podmet + sloveso.
Où používaš pre miesto a čas - "La ville où j'habite" alebo "Le jour où nous sommes partis". Dont nahrádza "de + podstatné meno" - "L'ami dont je parle".
Najdôležitejšie je precvičovanie, hlavne rozdiel medzi qui a que a správne použitie dont. S týmito znalosťami budeš znieť ako skutočný francúzsky hovoriaci!
Záver: Tieto štyri zámená sú základ pokročilejšej francúzštiny - ovládni ich!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user