Vsa snov okoli tebe je sestavljena iz majhnih delcev, ki... Show more
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Updated Apr 15, 2026
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Električni Naboj - Vrste in Interakcije
1 / 5
Kaj je električni naboj?
Atomi so kot majhni gradniki vsega, kar vidiš okoli sebe. Vsak atom ima jedro in elektronsko ovojnico okoli njega. V jedru so protoni (pozitivno nabiti) in nevtroni (nevtralni), okoli jedra pa krožijo elektroni (negativno nabiti).
Velikost naboja enega protona je popolnoma enaka velikosti naboja enega elektrona - razlika je le v predznaku. To je kot pri magnetih, kjer imaš severni in južni pol.
Električni naboj označimo s črko Q ali q in ga merimo v enotah, ki se imenujejo coulombi (C). To je temeljna lastnost delcev, ki povzroča vse električne pojave.
💡 Zapomniti si moraš: Samo elektroni se lahko premikajo med atomi, protoni so za vedno ujeti v jedru!
Kako nastanejo nabiti predmeti?
Večina stvari okoli tebe je električno nevtralnih - imajo enako število protonov in elektronov. Ko to ravnovesje porušiš, postane predmet nabit.
Pri drgnjenju se elektroni prenesejo z enega predmeta na drugega. Če predmet izgubi elektrone, postane pozitivno nabit. Če prejme elektrone, postane negativno nabit.
Odličen primer je balon in volnen pulover. Ko drgnemo balon ob pulover, elektroni skočijo s puloverja na balon. Balon postane negativen, pulover pa pozitiven.
Osnovno pravilo sil med naboji je preprosto: enaki naboji se odbijajo, različni naboji se privlačijo. Plus in plus se odbijata, minus in minus tudi, plus in minus pa se privlačita.
💡 Zanimivo: Nabito telo vedno privlači nevtralen predmet zaradi pojava, ki mu rečemo influenca!
Praktični poskusi z nabojem
Poskus s plastičnim ravnilom ti lepo pokaže, kako deluje električna sila. Ko ravnilo podrgnemo ob lase in ga približamo majhnim koščkom papirja, papirčki poskočijo proti ravnilu.
Razlaga je preprosta: ravnilo je postalo negativno nabito, papirčki so nevtralni. Ko se negativno ravnilo približa, se elektroni v papirčkih nekoliko odmaknejo stran. Bližja stran papirčka postane rahlo pozitivna in jo ravnilo privlači.
Poskus z dvema balonoma pokaže odbijanje. Ko oba balona podrgnemo ob lase, postaneta negativno nabita. Ker imata enak naboj, se odbijata drug od drugega.
Ti poskusi so odlični dokaz, da naboj ni ustvarjen iz nič - le prerazporejen z enega predmeta na drugega. To imenujemo zakon o ohranitvi naboja.
💡 Praktičen nasvet: Pri testih pogosto sprašujejo o tem, kaj se zgodi z elektroni pri drgnjenju!
Prevodniki in izolatorji
Prevodniki kot so kovine in grafit omogočajo lahno gibanje elektronov. Zato dobro prevajajo elektriko in jih uporabljamo za električne žice.
Izolatorji kot so plastika, guma in steklo imajo elektrone močno vezane na atome. Elektroni se ne morejo prosto gibati, zato slabo prevajajo elektriko.
Sila med naboji je odvisna od dveh stvari: velikosti nabojev in razdalje med njimi. Večji naboji pomenijo močnejšo silo, manjša razdalja tudi pomeni močnejšo silo.
Pri testih pozor na pogosto napako - naboj se ne ustvari iz nič, ampak se le prerazporedi. Skupna količina naboja vedno ostane enaka.
💡 Za teste zapomniti: Nevtralno ne pomeni "brez naboja", ampak enako število protonov in elektronov!
Hiter povzetek za ponavljanje
Osnovne ugotovitve o električnem naboju so preproste za razumevanje. Protoni so pozitivno nabiti in v jedru, elektroni negativno nabiti in se gibljejo, nevtroni pa so nevtralni.
Pri naelektrenju se premikajo samo elektroni - nikoli protoni! Če predmet izgubi elektrone, postane pozitiven. Če dobi elektrone, postane negativen.
Glavno pravilo sil: enaki naboji se odbijajo , različni naboji se privlačijo . Nabiti predmet pa vedno privlači nevtralen predmet.
Te osnove električnega naboja so temelj za razumevanje vseh električnih pojavov v fiziki. Z njimi boš lahko razumel, kako delujejo baterije, električni tokovi in številni drugi električni pojavi.
💡 Za uspeh: Te osnove dobro obvladaj - vse nadaljnje učivo o elektriki temelji na teh konceptih!
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Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
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Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Električni Naboj - Vrste in Interakcije
Vsa snov okoli tebe je sestavljena iz majhnih delcev, ki imajo posebno lastnost - električni naboj. Ta lastnost povzroča, da se stvari privlačijo ali odbijajo, in je odgovorna za vse od strele do delovanja tvojega telefona.
Kaj je električni naboj?
Atomi so kot majhni gradniki vsega, kar vidiš okoli sebe. Vsak atom ima jedro in elektronsko ovojnico okoli njega. V jedru so protoni (pozitivno nabiti) in nevtroni (nevtralni), okoli jedra pa krožijo elektroni (negativno nabiti).
Velikost naboja enega protona je popolnoma enaka velikosti naboja enega elektrona - razlika je le v predznaku. To je kot pri magnetih, kjer imaš severni in južni pol.
Električni naboj označimo s črko Q ali q in ga merimo v enotah, ki se imenujejo coulombi (C). To je temeljna lastnost delcev, ki povzroča vse električne pojave.
💡 Zapomniti si moraš: Samo elektroni se lahko premikajo med atomi, protoni so za vedno ujeti v jedru!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Kako nastanejo nabiti predmeti?
Večina stvari okoli tebe je električno nevtralnih - imajo enako število protonov in elektronov. Ko to ravnovesje porušiš, postane predmet nabit.
Pri drgnjenju se elektroni prenesejo z enega predmeta na drugega. Če predmet izgubi elektrone, postane pozitivno nabit. Če prejme elektrone, postane negativno nabit.
Odličen primer je balon in volnen pulover. Ko drgnemo balon ob pulover, elektroni skočijo s puloverja na balon. Balon postane negativen, pulover pa pozitiven.
Osnovno pravilo sil med naboji je preprosto: enaki naboji se odbijajo, različni naboji se privlačijo. Plus in plus se odbijata, minus in minus tudi, plus in minus pa se privlačita.
💡 Zanimivo: Nabito telo vedno privlači nevtralen predmet zaradi pojava, ki mu rečemo influenca!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični poskusi z nabojem
Poskus s plastičnim ravnilom ti lepo pokaže, kako deluje električna sila. Ko ravnilo podrgnemo ob lase in ga približamo majhnim koščkom papirja, papirčki poskočijo proti ravnilu.
Razlaga je preprosta: ravnilo je postalo negativno nabito, papirčki so nevtralni. Ko se negativno ravnilo približa, se elektroni v papirčkih nekoliko odmaknejo stran. Bližja stran papirčka postane rahlo pozitivna in jo ravnilo privlači.
Poskus z dvema balonoma pokaže odbijanje. Ko oba balona podrgnemo ob lase, postaneta negativno nabita. Ker imata enak naboj, se odbijata drug od drugega.
Ti poskusi so odlični dokaz, da naboj ni ustvarjen iz nič - le prerazporejen z enega predmeta na drugega. To imenujemo zakon o ohranitvi naboja.
💡 Praktičen nasvet: Pri testih pogosto sprašujejo o tem, kaj se zgodi z elektroni pri drgnjenju!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Prevodniki in izolatorji
Prevodniki kot so kovine in grafit omogočajo lahno gibanje elektronov. Zato dobro prevajajo elektriko in jih uporabljamo za električne žice.
Izolatorji kot so plastika, guma in steklo imajo elektrone močno vezane na atome. Elektroni se ne morejo prosto gibati, zato slabo prevajajo elektriko.
Sila med naboji je odvisna od dveh stvari: velikosti nabojev in razdalje med njimi. Večji naboji pomenijo močnejšo silo, manjša razdalja tudi pomeni močnejšo silo.
Pri testih pozor na pogosto napako - naboj se ne ustvari iz nič, ampak se le prerazporedi. Skupna količina naboja vedno ostane enaka.
💡 Za teste zapomniti: Nevtralno ne pomeni "brez naboja", ampak enako število protonov in elektronov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter povzetek za ponavljanje
Osnovne ugotovitve o električnem naboju so preproste za razumevanje. Protoni so pozitivno nabiti in v jedru, elektroni negativno nabiti in se gibljejo, nevtroni pa so nevtralni.
Pri naelektrenju se premikajo samo elektroni - nikoli protoni! Če predmet izgubi elektrone, postane pozitiven. Če dobi elektrone, postane negativen.
Glavno pravilo sil: enaki naboji se odbijajo , različni naboji se privlačijo . Nabiti predmet pa vedno privlači nevtralen predmet.
Te osnove električnega naboja so temelj za razumevanje vseh električnih pojavov v fiziki. Z njimi boš lahko razumel, kako delujejo baterije, električni tokovi in številni drugi električni pojavi.
💡 Za uspeh: Te osnove dobro obvladaj - vse nadaljnje učivo o elektriki temelji na teh konceptih!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user