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Updated Apr 20, 2026
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Osnove kinematike: Pot, premik, hitrost in pospešek
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Pot, premik, hitrost in pospešek - uvod
Predstavljaj si, da hodiš po mestu in se sprašuješ, kako opisati svoje gibanje. Fizika ima za to natančne orodja!
Kinematika je veja fizike, ki opisuje gibanje, ne da bi se ukvarjala z vzroki. Osnova so štiri količine: pot, premik, hitrost in pospešek. Te delimo na skalarne (samo velikost) in vektorske .
Skalarne količine imajo samo številko in enoto - kot pot, čas, masa. Vektorske količine pa potrebujejo še smer - kot premik, hitrost, pospešek. To je ključna razlika, ki jo moraš razumeti za uspešno reševanje nalog.
Nasvet: Vektorske količine si predstavljaj kot puščice - imajo velikost in kažejo v določeno smer!
Razlika med potjo in premikom
Tukaj se zgodi največ napak na testih, zato pazi!
Pot (s) je celotna dolžina, ki jo prehodiš - ne glede na smer. Če greš 5 m naprej in 3 m nazaj, je pot 8 m. Premik (Δx) pa je najkrajša razdalja od začetka do konca, skupaj s smerjo. V istem primeru bi bil premik samo 2 m naprej.
Predstavljaj si tek po atletski stezi. Če stečeš en krog, je pot 400 m, premik pa 0 m - ker si se vrnil na isto mesto! To je bistvena razlika.
Zapomniti: Če se vrneš na izhodišče, je premik vedno 0, čeprav si morda prepotoval kilometrino!
Hitrost in njena formula
Hitrost je verjetno najbolj znana fizikalna količina v vsakdanjem življenju.
Povprečna hitrost se izračuna s formulo v = s/t, kjer je s pot in t čas. Pozor - običajno računamo s potjo, ne s premikom, zato dobimo skalarno hitrost.
Najpogostejša past na testih je pretvarjanje enot. Iz km/h v m/s deliš s 3,6, iz m/s v km/h pa množiš s 3,6. Primer: 90 km/h = 25 m/s, ker 90 ÷ 3,6 = 25.
Zakaj 3,6? Ker je 1 km = 1000 m in 1 h = 3600 s, torej 1000/3600 = 1/3,6.
Pomni: Hitrost v m/s je vedno manjša številka kot v km/h - zato iz km/h v m/s deliš!
Pospešek - sprememba hitrosti
Pospešek ti pove, ali se gibanje pospešuje, upočasnjuje ali ostaja enako.
Formula je a = Δv/Δt = /t. Enota je m/s². Pozitiven pospešek pomeni, da se hitrost veča, negativen pa, da se manjša (zaviranje).
Če se avto pospeši iz 0 na 20 m/s v 4 sekundah, je pospešek a = (20-0)/4 = 5 m/s². Če pa zavira iz 20 na 0 m/s v 5 sekundah, je a = (0-20)/5 = -4 m/s².
Pospešek 0 pomeni enakomerno gibanje - hitrost se ne spreminja.
Pozor: "Začne iz mirovanja" pomeni v_začetna = 0, "se ustavi" pa pomeni v_končna = 0!
Praktični primeri in računanje
Oglejmo si tipične naloge, ki jih boš srečal na testih.
Primer 1: Kolesar gre 3 km na sever, nato 4 km na vzhod. Pot je 3 + 4 = 7 km. Premik pa izračunaš s Pitagorovim izrekom: √(3² + 4²) = √25 = 5 km proti severovzhodu.
Primer 2: Vlak prevozi 360 km v 4 urah. Hitrost: v = 360/4 = 90 km/h = 25 m/s .
Primer 3: Avto se iz 10 m/s ustavi v 5 s. Pospešek: a = (0-10)/5 = -2 m/s². Negativen, ker zavira.
Nasvet: Vedno najprej preveri enote in si nariši skico, če gre za premik!
Ključni nasveti za test
Te nasveti ti bodo pomagali pri uspešnem reševanju nalog.
Vedno pazi na razliko med potjo (celotna dolžina) in premikom . Preveri, ali so enote usklajene - najbolje v osnovnih enotah SI (m, s, kg).
Pri hitrosti zapomni faktor 3,6 za pretvarjanje. Negativen pospešek ne pomeni vedno zaviranje - pomeni le, da kaže v nasprotno smer od gibanja.
Kratki povzetek:
- Pot (s): skalar, vedno pozitivna
- Premik (Δx): vektor, lahko tudi 0
- Hitrost: v = s/t
- Pospešek: a = Δv/Δt
Za uspeh: Nariši skico, preveri enote, zapomni si formule in razliko med skalarji ter vektorji!
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Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Osnove kinematike: Pot, premik, hitrost in pospešek
Kinematika je del fizike, ki te uči, kako opisati gibanje teles - brez da bi se ukvarjal s silami, ki gibanje povzročajo. Spoznal boš štiri ključne količine: pot, premik, hitrost in pospešek, ki so osnova za razumevanje vsega gibanja okoli... Show more
Pot, premik, hitrost in pospešek - uvod
Predstavljaj si, da hodiš po mestu in se sprašuješ, kako opisati svoje gibanje. Fizika ima za to natančne orodja!
Kinematika je veja fizike, ki opisuje gibanje, ne da bi se ukvarjala z vzroki. Osnova so štiri količine: pot, premik, hitrost in pospešek. Te delimo na skalarne (samo velikost) in vektorske .
Skalarne količine imajo samo številko in enoto - kot pot, čas, masa. Vektorske količine pa potrebujejo še smer - kot premik, hitrost, pospešek. To je ključna razlika, ki jo moraš razumeti za uspešno reševanje nalog.
Nasvet: Vektorske količine si predstavljaj kot puščice - imajo velikost in kažejo v določeno smer!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Razlika med potjo in premikom
Tukaj se zgodi največ napak na testih, zato pazi!
Pot (s) je celotna dolžina, ki jo prehodiš - ne glede na smer. Če greš 5 m naprej in 3 m nazaj, je pot 8 m. Premik (Δx) pa je najkrajša razdalja od začetka do konca, skupaj s smerjo. V istem primeru bi bil premik samo 2 m naprej.
Predstavljaj si tek po atletski stezi. Če stečeš en krog, je pot 400 m, premik pa 0 m - ker si se vrnil na isto mesto! To je bistvena razlika.
Zapomniti: Če se vrneš na izhodišče, je premik vedno 0, čeprav si morda prepotoval kilometrino!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hitrost in njena formula
Hitrost je verjetno najbolj znana fizikalna količina v vsakdanjem življenju.
Povprečna hitrost se izračuna s formulo v = s/t, kjer je s pot in t čas. Pozor - običajno računamo s potjo, ne s premikom, zato dobimo skalarno hitrost.
Najpogostejša past na testih je pretvarjanje enot. Iz km/h v m/s deliš s 3,6, iz m/s v km/h pa množiš s 3,6. Primer: 90 km/h = 25 m/s, ker 90 ÷ 3,6 = 25.
Zakaj 3,6? Ker je 1 km = 1000 m in 1 h = 3600 s, torej 1000/3600 = 1/3,6.
Pomni: Hitrost v m/s je vedno manjša številka kot v km/h - zato iz km/h v m/s deliš!
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Pospešek - sprememba hitrosti
Pospešek ti pove, ali se gibanje pospešuje, upočasnjuje ali ostaja enako.
Formula je a = Δv/Δt = /t. Enota je m/s². Pozitiven pospešek pomeni, da se hitrost veča, negativen pa, da se manjša (zaviranje).
Če se avto pospeši iz 0 na 20 m/s v 4 sekundah, je pospešek a = (20-0)/4 = 5 m/s². Če pa zavira iz 20 na 0 m/s v 5 sekundah, je a = (0-20)/5 = -4 m/s².
Pospešek 0 pomeni enakomerno gibanje - hitrost se ne spreminja.
Pozor: "Začne iz mirovanja" pomeni v_začetna = 0, "se ustavi" pa pomeni v_končna = 0!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični primeri in računanje
Oglejmo si tipične naloge, ki jih boš srečal na testih.
Primer 1: Kolesar gre 3 km na sever, nato 4 km na vzhod. Pot je 3 + 4 = 7 km. Premik pa izračunaš s Pitagorovim izrekom: √(3² + 4²) = √25 = 5 km proti severovzhodu.
Primer 2: Vlak prevozi 360 km v 4 urah. Hitrost: v = 360/4 = 90 km/h = 25 m/s .
Primer 3: Avto se iz 10 m/s ustavi v 5 s. Pospešek: a = (0-10)/5 = -2 m/s². Negativen, ker zavira.
Nasvet: Vedno najprej preveri enote in si nariši skico, če gre za premik!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključni nasveti za test
Te nasveti ti bodo pomagali pri uspešnem reševanju nalog.
Vedno pazi na razliko med potjo (celotna dolžina) in premikom . Preveri, ali so enote usklajene - najbolje v osnovnih enotah SI (m, s, kg).
Pri hitrosti zapomni faktor 3,6 za pretvarjanje. Negativen pospešek ne pomeni vedno zaviranje - pomeni le, da kaže v nasprotno smer od gibanja.
Kratki povzetek:
- Pot (s): skalar, vedno pozitivna
- Premik (Δx): vektor, lahko tudi 0
- Hitrost: v = s/t
- Pospešek: a = Δv/Δt
Za uspeh: Nariši skico, preveri enote, zapomni si formule in razliko med skalarji ter vektorji!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user