Epistemologija je veja filozofije, ki raziskuje najosnovnejša vprašanja o znanju... Show more
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Updated Apr 15, 2026
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Epistemologija: Raziskovanje o pridobivanju znanja in resnicah
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Kaj je epistemologija in ključni pojmi
Epistemologija ali spoznavna teorija je filozofska disciplina, ki te nauči razumeti, kako sploh deluje naše spoznavanje. Postavlja vprašanja, ki se zdijo preprosta, a so pravzaprav zelo zapletena.
Znanje ni isto kot prepričanje ali mnenje - to je prva stvar, ki si jo moraš zapomniti. Če misliš, da bo jutri deževalo, to še ni znanje, čeprav si morda prepričan. Resnica pomeni ujemanje tvojih trditev z realnostjo - če rečeš, da pada dež, medtem ko sije sonce, to preprosto ni resnično.
Upravičenje je tisto, kar loči znanje od naključnega ugibanja. Če uganem pravilne loto številke, ne morem reči, da sem "vedel", ker nisem imel nobenega razloga za to prepričanje.
Nasvet: Epistemologija te uči kritično misliti o tem, kako ločiš dejstva od mnenj - veščina, ki jo potrebuješ pri vseh predmetih!
Formula za znanje: trije nujni pogoji
Da bi lahko rekel, da nekaj veš, moraš izpolniti tri pogoje hkrati - to je osnova, ki jo moraš obvladati za test.
Pogoj prepričanja: Najprej moraš verjeti v trditev. Če nisi prepričan, da je Pariz glavno mesto Francije, tega ne moreš vedeti. Pogoj resničnosti: Tvoja trditev mora biti objektivno pravilna. Če verjameš, da je glavno mesto Lyon, to ni znanje, ker je napačno.
Pogoj upravičenosti je najzanimivejši - potrebuješ dobre razloge. Tvoje prepričanje je upravičeno, ker si se to učil pri geografiji, piše v učbenikih in je splošno znano dejstvo.
Formula: Znanje = Upravičeno + Resnično + Prepričanje. Manjka lahko le eden od pogojev in že nimaš znanja, ampak samo prepričanje ali ugibanje.
Pomembno: Lahko si močno prepričan v nekaj napačnega - to še vedno ni znanje!
Racionalizem proti empirizmu: dva načina do znanja
Tu nastane največji spor v epistemologiji - od kje sploh prihaja naše znanje? Nastali sta dve nasprotni šoli, ki imata popolnoma različen odgovor.
Racionalizem pravi, da je glavni vir znanja razum. Descartes in Platon so verjeli, da lahko z logičnim razmišljanjem pridemo do resnic, ne da bi potrebovali izkušnje. Matematične resnice kot 2+2=4 so primer - to veš z razumom, ne s štetjem jabolk.
Empirizem nasprotno trdi, da se rodiš kot "tabula rasa" - nepopisan list. Locke in Hume so učili, da vse znanje prihaja preko petih čutil. Veš, da je ogenj vroč, ker si se že opekl, ne ker si to izračunal.
Racionalizem poudarja apriorno znanje (pred izkušnjo), empirizem pa aposteriorno znanje (po izkušnji). Oba pristopa imajo prednosti - matematika deluje z razumom, naravoslovje pa z opazovanjem.
Za test: Največkrat te bodo spraševali o razliki med tema dvema pristopoma!
Problem resnice in praktični primeri
Kako sploh veš, da je neka izjava resnična? Korespondenčna teorija resnice daje najpreprosteši odgovor - izjava je resnična, če se ujema z dejstvi. Če rečeš "Na moji mizi je zvezek" in tam res je zvezek, je tvoja izjava resnična.
Poglejmo praktičen primer analize znanja. Trditev "Vem, da ima teden 7 dni" analiziraj po treh pogojih. Si prepričan? Da. Je resnično? Da. Imaš upravičenje? Da - naučil si se v šoli, vidiš na koledarju. Torej to je znanje!
Racionalist bi rekel o trikotnikih: "Vem z razumom, da seštevek kotov znaša 180 stopinj. Lahko logično dokažem iz aksiomov." Empirik pa: "Narisal in izmeril sem stotine trikotnikov. Pri vsakem sem dobil 180 stopinj, zato posplošujem."
Racionalist išče gotovost v logiki, empirik pa v ponavljajočih se opazovanjih. Oba pristopa imajo svojo vrednost v različnih področjih.
Nasvet: Pri testnih vprašanjih najprej preveri vse tri pogoje za znanje!
Ključne točke za uspeh pri testu
Epistemologija te nauči biti previden z besedami. Ne zamenjuj prepričanja in znanja! Lahko si močno prepričan, da bo tvoja ekipa zmagala, ampak če se to ne zgodi ali nimaš dobrih razlogov, to ni znanje.
Glavna razlika med racionalizmom in empirizmom je vir znanja - razum proti izkušnji. To je klasično testno vprašanje. Zapomni si, da čutila nas lahko varajo (optične iluzije, sanje), kar je glavni argument racionalistov.
Pozor na pogoste napake: misliti, da je vsako mnenje enako vredno kot znanje, ali pozabiti na enega od treh pogojev. Upravičenje je tisto, kar loči znanje od naključnega ugibanja.
Hiter povzetek: Znanje = Upravičeno + Resnično + Prepričanje. Racionalizem poudarja razum, empirizem izkušnje. Resnica pomeni ujemanje z realnostjo.
Zaključek: Ti koncepti so temelj kritičnega mišljenja - veščine, ki jo potrebuješ pri vseh predmetih!
We thought you’d never ask...
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Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Filozofija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Epistemologija: Raziskovanje o pridobivanju znanja in resnicah
Epistemologija je veja filozofije, ki raziskuje najosnovnejša vprašanja o znanju - kaj sploh je znanje, kako do njega pridemo in ali lahko karkoli vemo z gotovostjo. To so vprašanja, s katerimi se spoprijemamo vsak dan, ne da bi se tega... Show more
Kaj je epistemologija in ključni pojmi
Epistemologija ali spoznavna teorija je filozofska disciplina, ki te nauči razumeti, kako sploh deluje naše spoznavanje. Postavlja vprašanja, ki se zdijo preprosta, a so pravzaprav zelo zapletena.
Znanje ni isto kot prepričanje ali mnenje - to je prva stvar, ki si jo moraš zapomniti. Če misliš, da bo jutri deževalo, to še ni znanje, čeprav si morda prepričan. Resnica pomeni ujemanje tvojih trditev z realnostjo - če rečeš, da pada dež, medtem ko sije sonce, to preprosto ni resnično.
Upravičenje je tisto, kar loči znanje od naključnega ugibanja. Če uganem pravilne loto številke, ne morem reči, da sem "vedel", ker nisem imel nobenega razloga za to prepričanje.
Nasvet: Epistemologija te uči kritično misliti o tem, kako ločiš dejstva od mnenj - veščina, ki jo potrebuješ pri vseh predmetih!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Formula za znanje: trije nujni pogoji
Da bi lahko rekel, da nekaj veš, moraš izpolniti tri pogoje hkrati - to je osnova, ki jo moraš obvladati za test.
Pogoj prepričanja: Najprej moraš verjeti v trditev. Če nisi prepričan, da je Pariz glavno mesto Francije, tega ne moreš vedeti. Pogoj resničnosti: Tvoja trditev mora biti objektivno pravilna. Če verjameš, da je glavno mesto Lyon, to ni znanje, ker je napačno.
Pogoj upravičenosti je najzanimivejši - potrebuješ dobre razloge. Tvoje prepričanje je upravičeno, ker si se to učil pri geografiji, piše v učbenikih in je splošno znano dejstvo.
Formula: Znanje = Upravičeno + Resnično + Prepričanje. Manjka lahko le eden od pogojev in že nimaš znanja, ampak samo prepričanje ali ugibanje.
Pomembno: Lahko si močno prepričan v nekaj napačnega - to še vedno ni znanje!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Racionalizem proti empirizmu: dva načina do znanja
Tu nastane največji spor v epistemologiji - od kje sploh prihaja naše znanje? Nastali sta dve nasprotni šoli, ki imata popolnoma različen odgovor.
Racionalizem pravi, da je glavni vir znanja razum. Descartes in Platon so verjeli, da lahko z logičnim razmišljanjem pridemo do resnic, ne da bi potrebovali izkušnje. Matematične resnice kot 2+2=4 so primer - to veš z razumom, ne s štetjem jabolk.
Empirizem nasprotno trdi, da se rodiš kot "tabula rasa" - nepopisan list. Locke in Hume so učili, da vse znanje prihaja preko petih čutil. Veš, da je ogenj vroč, ker si se že opekl, ne ker si to izračunal.
Racionalizem poudarja apriorno znanje (pred izkušnjo), empirizem pa aposteriorno znanje (po izkušnji). Oba pristopa imajo prednosti - matematika deluje z razumom, naravoslovje pa z opazovanjem.
Za test: Največkrat te bodo spraševali o razliki med tema dvema pristopoma!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Problem resnice in praktični primeri
Kako sploh veš, da je neka izjava resnična? Korespondenčna teorija resnice daje najpreprosteši odgovor - izjava je resnična, če se ujema z dejstvi. Če rečeš "Na moji mizi je zvezek" in tam res je zvezek, je tvoja izjava resnična.
Poglejmo praktičen primer analize znanja. Trditev "Vem, da ima teden 7 dni" analiziraj po treh pogojih. Si prepričan? Da. Je resnično? Da. Imaš upravičenje? Da - naučil si se v šoli, vidiš na koledarju. Torej to je znanje!
Racionalist bi rekel o trikotnikih: "Vem z razumom, da seštevek kotov znaša 180 stopinj. Lahko logično dokažem iz aksiomov." Empirik pa: "Narisal in izmeril sem stotine trikotnikov. Pri vsakem sem dobil 180 stopinj, zato posplošujem."
Racionalist išče gotovost v logiki, empirik pa v ponavljajočih se opazovanjih. Oba pristopa imajo svojo vrednost v različnih področjih.
Nasvet: Pri testnih vprašanjih najprej preveri vse tri pogoje za znanje!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključne točke za uspeh pri testu
Epistemologija te nauči biti previden z besedami. Ne zamenjuj prepričanja in znanja! Lahko si močno prepričan, da bo tvoja ekipa zmagala, ampak če se to ne zgodi ali nimaš dobrih razlogov, to ni znanje.
Glavna razlika med racionalizmom in empirizmom je vir znanja - razum proti izkušnji. To je klasično testno vprašanje. Zapomni si, da čutila nas lahko varajo (optične iluzije, sanje), kar je glavni argument racionalistov.
Pozor na pogoste napake: misliti, da je vsako mnenje enako vredno kot znanje, ali pozabiti na enega od treh pogojev. Upravičenje je tisto, kar loči znanje od naključnega ugibanja.
Hiter povzetek: Znanje = Upravičeno + Resnično + Prepričanje. Racionalizem poudarja razum, empirizem izkušnje. Resnica pomeni ujemanje z realnostjo.
Zaključek: Ti koncepti so temelj kritičnega mišljenja - veščine, ki jo potrebuješ pri vseh predmetih!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user