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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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4 Dec 2025
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Abby
@abbywade
Here's your essential guide to key quotes from three major... Show more








Macbeth's character transforms dramatically throughout the play, and his quotes track this journey perfectly. Early on, he's described as "valour's minion" and "brave Macbeth", showing his heroic reputation.
His ambition becomes clear when he speaks of "vaulting ambition which o'erleaps itself" and "stars hide your fires; let not light see my black and deep desires". These quotes reveal his inner conflict between desire and morality.
After Duncan's murder, Macbeth's guilt consumes him. The famous "will all great Neptune's oceans wash this blood clean from my hand?" shows how the crime haunts him. His mind becomes tortured - "o full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife" - and he questions whether he can even say "Amen".
Top Tip: Notice how Shakespeare uses blood and water imagery throughout - this contrast appears in loads of quotes and makes brilliant analysis material.
By the play's end, others see Macbeth as a "dead butcher" and a tyrant. His final nihilistic view comes through in "it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing".

Lady Macbeth initially appears ruthlessly ambitious and manipulative. She demands "unsex me here" and "take my milk for gall", rejecting traditional feminine qualities to embrace cruelty.
Her manipulation tactics are brutal yet effective. She questions Macbeth's masculinity with "when you durst do it, then you were a man" and uses violent imagery: "pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, and dash'd the brains out". She tells him to "screw your courage to the sticking place, and we'll not fail".
Her deceptive nature shows in "look like the innocent flour, but be the serpent under't". Initially, she believes "a little water clears us of this deed", thinking guilt can be easily washed away.
Key Point: Lady Macbeth's confident early quotes contrast sharply with her later breakdown - perfect for showing character development in essays.
However, guilt eventually destroys her. The sleepwalking scene reveals her torment: "out, damned spot! out, I say!" and "all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand". She transforms from manipulator to victim of her own ambition.

Macduff represents justice and righteous anger. When he discovers his family's murder, his grief pours out: "all my pretty ones?" and "all my pretty chickens". His fury at Macbeth's tyranny shows in "bleed, bleed, poor country".
The Witches embody the supernatural theme with their paradoxical "fair is foul, and foul is fair". Banquo wisely calls them "instruments of darkness", recognising their dangerous influence. Their prophecies drive the entire plot forward.
Duncan's murder shocks everyone. Malcolm describes it as "most sacrilegious murder", emphasising how killing a king violates both natural and divine order. Duncan's "golden blood" imagery reinforces his purity and goodness.
Remember: The supernatural elements aren't just spooky - they represent fate, ambition and the consequences of evil choices.
Malcolm eventually restores order, calling Macbeth and Lady Macbeth "this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen". His final judgement shows justice triumphing over tyranny, though the cost has been enormous.

Scrooge starts as literature's most famous miser. Dickens describes him as "squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner" and "solitary as an oyster". These quotes paint him as completely cut off from human warmth.
His callous attitude towards the poor shows in "are there no prisons? are there no workhouses?" Most shockingly, he says "if they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population" - showing complete disregard for human life.
Christmas means nothing to him initially. He calls it "a poor excuse for picking a man's pocket every twenty-fifth of december" and believes anyone celebrating should be "boiled in his own pudding".
Social Context: Remember, Dickens wrote this to highlight Victorian society's treatment of the poor - Scrooge represents uncaring capitalism.
By the story's end, Scrooge's transformation is complete. He declares "I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel" and promises "I will honour Christmas in my heart and try to keep it all the year". He becomes "as good a man, as good a friend and as good a master as the good old city knew".

Mr Birling represents capitalist selfishness and social irresponsibility. His philosophy is clear: "a man has to make his own way has to look after himself". He rejects any idea of community, dismissing it as "bees in a hive community and all that nonsense".
His dramatic irony creates dark humour when he calls the Titanic "unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable!" and claims "the germans don't want war". These quotes show his complete lack of insight.
Mrs Birling displays class prejudice and moral blindness. She refers to Eva as "girls of that class" and "a girl of that sort would ever refuse money", showing her snobbery. She accepts "no blame" and believes Eva "only had herself to blame".
Priestley's Message: The older Birlings represent the attitudes that Priestley believes led to social problems and two world wars.
Both parents refuse responsibility for Eva's death. Mr Birling insists "I can't accept any responsibility" and wants to "cover this up as soon as I can". Their selfishness contrasts sharply with their children's growing social awareness.

Eric shows genuine remorse and social awareness that his parents lack. He challenges his father's capitalism: "why shouldn't they try for higher wages? we try for the highest possible prices". This logical point exposes the hypocrisy of the older generation.
His brutal honesty about Eva's death cuts through his parents' self-deception: "I say the girl's dead and we all helped to kill her and that's what matters". He directly accuses them: "you killed her and the child she'd have too".
Sheila undergoes the most dramatic transformation. She moves from materialistic excitement ("isn't it a beauty?" about her engagement ring) to genuine social conscience ("these girls aren't cheap labour - they're people").
Key Theme: The generational divide shows hope for social change through the younger characters' moral awakening.
Both younger Birlings accept responsibility unlike their parents. Sheila promises "I'll never, never do it again to anybody" and recognises "between us we drove the girl to commit suicide". Their growth offers hope for a more socially responsible future.

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Quotes from every main character
Quotes from every main character
App Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Abby
@abbywade
Here's your essential guide to key quotes from three major English literature texts: Macbeth, A Christmas Carol, and An Inspector Calls. These quotes are absolute exam gold - learn them well and you'll have powerful evidence to back up your... Show more

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Macbeth's character transforms dramatically throughout the play, and his quotes track this journey perfectly. Early on, he's described as "valour's minion" and "brave Macbeth", showing his heroic reputation.
His ambition becomes clear when he speaks of "vaulting ambition which o'erleaps itself" and "stars hide your fires; let not light see my black and deep desires". These quotes reveal his inner conflict between desire and morality.
After Duncan's murder, Macbeth's guilt consumes him. The famous "will all great Neptune's oceans wash this blood clean from my hand?" shows how the crime haunts him. His mind becomes tortured - "o full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife" - and he questions whether he can even say "Amen".
Top Tip: Notice how Shakespeare uses blood and water imagery throughout - this contrast appears in loads of quotes and makes brilliant analysis material.
By the play's end, others see Macbeth as a "dead butcher" and a tyrant. His final nihilistic view comes through in "it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing".

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Lady Macbeth initially appears ruthlessly ambitious and manipulative. She demands "unsex me here" and "take my milk for gall", rejecting traditional feminine qualities to embrace cruelty.
Her manipulation tactics are brutal yet effective. She questions Macbeth's masculinity with "when you durst do it, then you were a man" and uses violent imagery: "pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, and dash'd the brains out". She tells him to "screw your courage to the sticking place, and we'll not fail".
Her deceptive nature shows in "look like the innocent flour, but be the serpent under't". Initially, she believes "a little water clears us of this deed", thinking guilt can be easily washed away.
Key Point: Lady Macbeth's confident early quotes contrast sharply with her later breakdown - perfect for showing character development in essays.
However, guilt eventually destroys her. The sleepwalking scene reveals her torment: "out, damned spot! out, I say!" and "all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand". She transforms from manipulator to victim of her own ambition.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Macduff represents justice and righteous anger. When he discovers his family's murder, his grief pours out: "all my pretty ones?" and "all my pretty chickens". His fury at Macbeth's tyranny shows in "bleed, bleed, poor country".
The Witches embody the supernatural theme with their paradoxical "fair is foul, and foul is fair". Banquo wisely calls them "instruments of darkness", recognising their dangerous influence. Their prophecies drive the entire plot forward.
Duncan's murder shocks everyone. Malcolm describes it as "most sacrilegious murder", emphasising how killing a king violates both natural and divine order. Duncan's "golden blood" imagery reinforces his purity and goodness.
Remember: The supernatural elements aren't just spooky - they represent fate, ambition and the consequences of evil choices.
Malcolm eventually restores order, calling Macbeth and Lady Macbeth "this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen". His final judgement shows justice triumphing over tyranny, though the cost has been enormous.

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Scrooge starts as literature's most famous miser. Dickens describes him as "squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner" and "solitary as an oyster". These quotes paint him as completely cut off from human warmth.
His callous attitude towards the poor shows in "are there no prisons? are there no workhouses?" Most shockingly, he says "if they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population" - showing complete disregard for human life.
Christmas means nothing to him initially. He calls it "a poor excuse for picking a man's pocket every twenty-fifth of december" and believes anyone celebrating should be "boiled in his own pudding".
Social Context: Remember, Dickens wrote this to highlight Victorian society's treatment of the poor - Scrooge represents uncaring capitalism.
By the story's end, Scrooge's transformation is complete. He declares "I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel" and promises "I will honour Christmas in my heart and try to keep it all the year". He becomes "as good a man, as good a friend and as good a master as the good old city knew".

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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Mr Birling represents capitalist selfishness and social irresponsibility. His philosophy is clear: "a man has to make his own way has to look after himself". He rejects any idea of community, dismissing it as "bees in a hive community and all that nonsense".
His dramatic irony creates dark humour when he calls the Titanic "unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable!" and claims "the germans don't want war". These quotes show his complete lack of insight.
Mrs Birling displays class prejudice and moral blindness. She refers to Eva as "girls of that class" and "a girl of that sort would ever refuse money", showing her snobbery. She accepts "no blame" and believes Eva "only had herself to blame".
Priestley's Message: The older Birlings represent the attitudes that Priestley believes led to social problems and two world wars.
Both parents refuse responsibility for Eva's death. Mr Birling insists "I can't accept any responsibility" and wants to "cover this up as soon as I can". Their selfishness contrasts sharply with their children's growing social awareness.

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Improve your grades
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Eric shows genuine remorse and social awareness that his parents lack. He challenges his father's capitalism: "why shouldn't they try for higher wages? we try for the highest possible prices". This logical point exposes the hypocrisy of the older generation.
His brutal honesty about Eva's death cuts through his parents' self-deception: "I say the girl's dead and we all helped to kill her and that's what matters". He directly accuses them: "you killed her and the child she'd have too".
Sheila undergoes the most dramatic transformation. She moves from materialistic excitement ("isn't it a beauty?" about her engagement ring) to genuine social conscience ("these girls aren't cheap labour - they're people").
Key Theme: The generational divide shows hope for social change through the younger characters' moral awakening.
Both younger Birlings accept responsibility unlike their parents. Sheila promises "I'll never, never do it again to anybody" and recognises "between us we drove the girl to commit suicide". Their growth offers hope for a more socially responsible future.

Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Quotes from every main character
Quotes from every main character
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Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user