Understanding the Context of Death of a Salesman

The American Dream and Historical Context

Ever wondered why some people still believe "anyone can make it" whilst others call it complete rubbish? The American Dream promised that hard work, courage, and determination would guarantee success for anyone willing to try.

During the early 1900s, events like the Irish Potato Famine drove massive waves of immigration to America. People genuinely believed they could build better lives through sheer effort. However, the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s shattered this optimism, leaving millions questioning whether the Dream was ever real.

When Willy Loman joined the Wagner Firm in 1913, America felt stable and secure. But by 1932, when his son Biff was in high school, everything had changed. About 15 million people were unemployed, factories were shutting down, and shops stood empty. Being a salesman during this period would have been nearly impossible - hardly anyone could afford to buy cars or anything else.

Key insight: Critics argue the American Dream is fundamentally misleading because it's impossible for everyone to achieve prosperity through hard work alone.

Theatrical Influences on Miller

Miller didn't create "Death of a Salesman" in isolation - he was massively influenced by Tennessee Williams' "A Streetcar Named Desire." Williams' brilliant combination of realism and expressionism inspired Miller to experiment with similar techniques.

Realism started in 19th century France and focused on portraying everyday people facing real problems. The dialogue sounds natural, like actual conversations you'd overhear. Most realistic plays tackled social issues that audiences could relate to.

Expressionism emerged in the 1900s as a reaction against realism's limitations. Instead of just showing external reality, expressionist techniques reveal characters' inner psychological states. Lighting becomes crucial for creating atmosphere and showing what's happening inside someone's mind.

Miller masterfully blended these approaches in his play, using realistic dialogue and situations whilst incorporating expressionist elements to show Willy's deteriorating mental state.

Remember: The combination of these theatrical styles allows Miller to show both external social pressures and internal psychological breakdown simultaneously.