Inflacija je eden od najbolj osnovnih ekonomskih pojavov, ki ga... Show more
Ekonomija
Matematika
Angleščina
GeografijaSign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
9
•
Updated Apr 20, 2026
•
Kaj je inflacija? Vse, kar moraš vedeti!
1 / 7
Osnove inflacije
Inflacija pomeni splošno in trajno rast cen blaga in storitev v gospodarstvu. Če danes za evro kupiš manj kot včeraj, se soočaš z inflacijo.
Poleg osnovne inflacije moraš poznati še nekaj povezanih pojmov. Deflacija je nasprotje inflacije - cene padajo, kar se sliši super, vendar je za gospodarstvo katastrofalno. Ljudje odlašajo z nakupi, ker čakajo še nižje cene, podjetja pa posledično odpuščajo.
Dezinflacija pomeni, da se inflacija upočasnjuje, vendar cene še vedno rastejo. Stagflacija je najhujši scenarij - kombinacija visoke inflacije z gospodarsko krizo in visoko brezposelnostjo.
💡 Ključno za razumevanje: Inflacija ne pomeni, da je nekaj drago, ampak da cene rastejo. Ljubljana je drago mesto, vendar to ne pomeni, da ima visoko inflacijo.
Vrste in vzroki inflacije
Glede na stopnjo ločimo zmerno inflacijo , ki je celo zaželena, galopirajočo inflacijo (nad 20% letno) in hiperinflacijo (nad 50% mesečno).
Inflacija povpraševanja nastane, ko je "preveč denarja za premalo blaga". Ljudje imajo več denarja za potrošnjo, podjetja več za investicije, država več za projekte - vse to povečuje povpraševanje hitreje od ponudbe.
Stroškovna inflacija je posledica višjih proizvodnih stroškov. Ko se podraži nafta, električna energija ali surovine, podjetja to prenesejo na kupce z višjimi cenami. Ta vrsta inflacije je hujša, ker poleg višjih cen prinese tudi gospodarsko upočasnitev.
💡 Za izpite: Znaj razlikovati med obema vrstama vzrokov - pri inflaciji povpraševanja se gospodarstvo krepi, pri stroškovski pa slabi!
Posledice inflacije
Inflacija ni enako slaba za vse - nekateri celo profitirajo! Varčevalci, upniki in ljudje s fiksnimi dohodki (kot so upokojenci) so veliki poraženci, ker njihov denar izgublja vrednost.
Dolžniki so zmagovalci inflacije, ker vračajo denar, ki je vreden manj. Če imaš kredit za stanovanje, ti inflacija pomaga, ker tvoj dolg postaja relativno manjši.
Lastniki nepremičnin, zlata in drugih realnih dobrin običajno dobro prestanejo inflacijo, ker se vrednost njihovega premoženja povečuje skupaj s cenami ali celo hitreje.
Inflacija prinaša tudi negotovost v gospodarstvo - podjetja težje načrtujejo, država pa izgublja konkurenčnost, če so njene cene višje od tujih.
💡 Praktičen nasvet: Če pričakuješ inflacijo, je bolje imeti dolgove kot prihranke na bančnem računu brez obresti!
Merjenje in izračuni inflacije
Indeks cen življenjskih potrebščin (ICŽP) meri inflacijo preko "košarice" dobrin, ki jih kupuje povprečno slovensko gospodinjstvo - od hrane do stanovanja.
Za izračun stopnje inflacije uporabiš formulo: Stopnja inflacije (%) = / ICŽP staro × 100
Če je bil ICŽP lani 112,5, letos pa je 117,0, je inflacija: (117,0 - 112,5) / 112,5 × 100 = 4,0%.
Realna plača je ključni pojem - če se ti je plača zvišala za 5%, inflacija pa je 7%, se ti je kupna moč dejansko zmanjšala za 2%. Nominalno imaš več denarja, realno si pa na slabšem.
💡 Za življenje: Ne veseliti se le nominalne povišice plače - pomembno je, kako se primerja z inflacijo!
Pomembni koncepti za izpite
Fisherjev učinek povezuje obrestne mere z inflacijo: i ≈ r + π, kjer je i nominalna obrestna mera, r realna obrestna mera in π pričakovana inflacija. Banke v obrestne mere vključijo pričakovano inflacijo.
Evropska centralna banka cilja na 2% inflacijo, kar velja za optimalno raven. Preveč nizka inflacija ali celo deflacija lahko povzroči deflacijsko spiralo - ljudje odlašajo z nakupi, podjetja zmanjšujejo proizvodnjo, brezposelnost raste.
Stagflacija je najhujša možna kombinacija - visoka inflacija z visoko brezposelnostjo. Centralne banke težko rešujejo ta problem, ker ukrepi proti inflaciji poslabšajo brezposelnost in obratno.
Pomembno je razumeti, da zmerna inflacija spodbuja gospodarstvo, medtem ko deflacija in visoka inflacija škodujeta.
💡 Ključno za razumevanje: Inflacija 0% ni cilj! Rahla inflacija spodbuja potrošnjo in investicije, ker ljudje ne odlašajo z nakupi.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Ekonomija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Kaj je inflacija? Vse, kar moraš vedeti!
Inflacija je eden od najbolj osnovnih ekonomskih pojavov, ki ga srečuješ vsak dan - ko opaziš, da je kava v šoli spet dražja ali ko se starši pritožujejo nad cenami goriva. Gre preprosto za splošno rast cen, kar pomeni, da... Show more
Osnove inflacije
Inflacija pomeni splošno in trajno rast cen blaga in storitev v gospodarstvu. Če danes za evro kupiš manj kot včeraj, se soočaš z inflacijo.
Poleg osnovne inflacije moraš poznati še nekaj povezanih pojmov. Deflacija je nasprotje inflacije - cene padajo, kar se sliši super, vendar je za gospodarstvo katastrofalno. Ljudje odlašajo z nakupi, ker čakajo še nižje cene, podjetja pa posledično odpuščajo.
Dezinflacija pomeni, da se inflacija upočasnjuje, vendar cene še vedno rastejo. Stagflacija je najhujši scenarij - kombinacija visoke inflacije z gospodarsko krizo in visoko brezposelnostjo.
💡 Ključno za razumevanje: Inflacija ne pomeni, da je nekaj drago, ampak da cene rastejo. Ljubljana je drago mesto, vendar to ne pomeni, da ima visoko inflacijo.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Vrste in vzroki inflacije
Glede na stopnjo ločimo zmerno inflacijo , ki je celo zaželena, galopirajočo inflacijo (nad 20% letno) in hiperinflacijo (nad 50% mesečno).
Inflacija povpraševanja nastane, ko je "preveč denarja za premalo blaga". Ljudje imajo več denarja za potrošnjo, podjetja več za investicije, država več za projekte - vse to povečuje povpraševanje hitreje od ponudbe.
Stroškovna inflacija je posledica višjih proizvodnih stroškov. Ko se podraži nafta, električna energija ali surovine, podjetja to prenesejo na kupce z višjimi cenami. Ta vrsta inflacije je hujša, ker poleg višjih cen prinese tudi gospodarsko upočasnitev.
💡 Za izpite: Znaj razlikovati med obema vrstama vzrokov - pri inflaciji povpraševanja se gospodarstvo krepi, pri stroškovski pa slabi!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Posledice inflacije
Inflacija ni enako slaba za vse - nekateri celo profitirajo! Varčevalci, upniki in ljudje s fiksnimi dohodki (kot so upokojenci) so veliki poraženci, ker njihov denar izgublja vrednost.
Dolžniki so zmagovalci inflacije, ker vračajo denar, ki je vreden manj. Če imaš kredit za stanovanje, ti inflacija pomaga, ker tvoj dolg postaja relativno manjši.
Lastniki nepremičnin, zlata in drugih realnih dobrin običajno dobro prestanejo inflacijo, ker se vrednost njihovega premoženja povečuje skupaj s cenami ali celo hitreje.
Inflacija prinaša tudi negotovost v gospodarstvo - podjetja težje načrtujejo, država pa izgublja konkurenčnost, če so njene cene višje od tujih.
💡 Praktičen nasvet: Če pričakuješ inflacijo, je bolje imeti dolgove kot prihranke na bančnem računu brez obresti!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Merjenje in izračuni inflacije
Indeks cen življenjskih potrebščin (ICŽP) meri inflacijo preko "košarice" dobrin, ki jih kupuje povprečno slovensko gospodinjstvo - od hrane do stanovanja.
Za izračun stopnje inflacije uporabiš formulo: Stopnja inflacije (%) = / ICŽP staro × 100
Če je bil ICŽP lani 112,5, letos pa je 117,0, je inflacija: (117,0 - 112,5) / 112,5 × 100 = 4,0%.
Realna plača je ključni pojem - če se ti je plača zvišala za 5%, inflacija pa je 7%, se ti je kupna moč dejansko zmanjšala za 2%. Nominalno imaš več denarja, realno si pa na slabšem.
💡 Za življenje: Ne veseliti se le nominalne povišice plače - pomembno je, kako se primerja z inflacijo!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Pomembni koncepti za izpite
Fisherjev učinek povezuje obrestne mere z inflacijo: i ≈ r + π, kjer je i nominalna obrestna mera, r realna obrestna mera in π pričakovana inflacija. Banke v obrestne mere vključijo pričakovano inflacijo.
Evropska centralna banka cilja na 2% inflacijo, kar velja za optimalno raven. Preveč nizka inflacija ali celo deflacija lahko povzroči deflacijsko spiralo - ljudje odlašajo z nakupi, podjetja zmanjšujejo proizvodnjo, brezposelnost raste.
Stagflacija je najhujša možna kombinacija - visoka inflacija z visoko brezposelnostjo. Centralne banke težko rešujejo ta problem, ker ukrepi proti inflaciji poslabšajo brezposelnost in obratno.
Pomembno je razumeti, da zmerna inflacija spodbuja gospodarstvo, medtem ko deflacija in visoka inflacija škodujeta.
💡 Ključno za razumevanje: Inflacija 0% ni cilj! Rahla inflacija spodbuja potrošnjo in investicije, ker ljudje ne odlašajo z nakupi.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
0
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Mock Exam
Quiz
Flashcards
Essay
Most popular content in Ekonomija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user