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2 Jan 2026
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Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
Key Concerns and Case Studies
This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.
Key Concerns
Crime Control Model Concerns:
- Crime repression as the most important function
- Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
- Expanding police powers
- Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
- Swift case disposition
- Presumption of guilt based on charges filed
Due Process Model Concerns:
- Providing fundamental fairness under the law
- Limiting police powers
- Implementing procedural safeguards
- Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
- Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
- Protecting innocence and individual rights
Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.
Case Studies
The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:
- Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
- Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
- Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
- Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
- Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
- Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.
Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.
Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.
Crime Control vs Due Process Models
This page introduces Herbert Packer's two competing models of criminal justice: the crime control model and the due process model. These models represent different value systems operating within the criminal justice system.
Crime Control Model
The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on swift and severe punishment
- "Assembly-line" approach to case processing
- Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
- Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
- Conservative perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.
Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.
Due Process Model
The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
- "Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
- Limited police powers to prevent oppression
- Presumption of innocence
- Liberal perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.
Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.
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This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
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I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
The crime control model and due process modelare two competing approaches in the criminal justice system. The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression to ensure public safety, while the due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring... Show more
Key Concerns and Case Studies
This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.
Key Concerns
Crime Control Model Concerns:
- Crime repression as the most important function
- Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
- Expanding police powers
- Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
- Swift case disposition
- Presumption of guilt based on charges filed
Due Process Model Concerns:
- Providing fundamental fairness under the law
- Limiting police powers
- Implementing procedural safeguards
- Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
- Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
- Protecting innocence and individual rights
Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.
Case Studies
The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:
- Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
- Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
- Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
- Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
- Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
- Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.
Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.
Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.
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Access to all documents
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Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Crime Control vs Due Process Models
This page introduces Herbert Packer's two competing models of criminal justice: the crime control model and the due process model. These models represent different value systems operating within the criminal justice system.
Crime Control Model
The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on swift and severe punishment
- "Assembly-line" approach to case processing
- Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
- Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
- Conservative perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.
Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.
Due Process Model
The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
- "Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
- Limited police powers to prevent oppression
- Presumption of innocence
- Liberal perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.
Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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Most popular content: Criminology
Most popular content in Criminology
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user