•

31 Jan 2026

•

2 pages

Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples

Maddy

@maddy_yaup

The crime control model and due process modelare two... Show more

AC1.3: Describe models of criminal justice

Task 1:

Stanford University law professor, Herbert Packer (1968) constructed two models to repr

Key Concerns and Case Studies

This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.

Key Concerns

Crime Control Model Concerns:

Crime repression as the most important function
Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
Expanding police powers
Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
Swift case disposition
Presumption of guilt based on charges filed

Due Process Model Concerns:

Providing fundamental fairness under the law
Limiting police powers
Implementing procedural safeguards
Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
Protecting innocence and individual rights

Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.

Case Studies

The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:

Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.

Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.

Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.

Crime Control vs Due Process Models

This page introduces Herbert Packer's two competing models of criminal justice: the crime control model and the due process model. These models represent different value systems operating within the criminal justice system.

Crime Control Model

The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.

Key aspects include:

Focus on swift and severe punishment
"Assembly-line" approach to case processing
Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
Conservative perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.

Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.

Due Process Model

The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.

Key aspects include:

Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
"Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
Limited police powers to prevent oppression
Presumption of innocence
Liberal perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.

Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Most popular content in Criminology

WJEC Unit 4 Criminology

Criminology unit 4 detailed revision note

Criminology

Evaluating Evidence Validity

Explore the critical aspects of evidence validity in criminology, focusing on trial transcripts, media influence, and expert testimonies. This summary covers key concepts such as bias, accuracy, and the impact of circumstances on judicial outcomes. Ideal for students studying Unit 3 AC3.1 in criminology.

Criminology

Criminology Unit 3 - AC:2.4 Example

Criminology

Criminology Unit 3 - AC:3.2 Example

Criminology

Justice and Sentencing Analysis

Explore the complexities of justice and sentencing in the criminal justice system. This study note covers key concepts such as jury equity, nullification, just and unjust verdicts, and the implications of unduly lenient or harsh sentences. Analyze case studies including the Birmingham Six and the impact of public opinion on sentencing. Ideal for students studying crime and sentencing principles, this resource aids in drawing informed conclusions about verdict safety and justice. Type: Summary.

Criminology

Criminology Unit 3 - AC:3.1 Example

These are my Criminology Unit 3 - AC:3.1 notes, please utilise these as a guidance for your exam. Ensure you do not use this as your own work as you will be disqualified for plagiarism. Good luck studying! .

Criminology

Most popular content

An Inspector Calls: Character Insights

Explore in-depth analysis and key quotes for characters in J.B. Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls'. This resource covers Gerald Croft, Inspector Goole, Sheila Birling, Mrs. Birling, Eric Birling, and Eva Smith, focusing on themes of class, gender roles, and social responsibility. Ideal for students aiming for Grade 8 and above.

English Literature

Comprehensive Crime & Deviance Overview

Explore an extensive revision of crime and deviance topics, including theories, types of crime, and the impact of media. This resource covers key concepts such as Marxism, functionalism, gender and crime, and the influence of globalization on criminal behavior. Ideal for students seeking a thorough understanding of criminology and its various theories. Type: Full Topic Revision.

Sociology

aqa higher tier combined science - biology b1 : cell biology, paper 1

b1: cell biology - paper 1

Biology

Sociology of Education Overview

Explore comprehensive A-Level Sociology notes on the education system, covering key theories, policies, and sociological perspectives. This resource includes insights on marketisation, gender roles, cultural deprivation, and educational inequalities, providing a thorough understanding of how education shapes social stratification and individual achievement. Ideal for exam preparation and in-depth study.

Sociology

Sociology of Families: Comprehensive Revision

Dive into an extensive overview of family dynamics, perspectives, and patterns in sociology. This resource covers key concepts such as family diversity, gender roles, marriage, and the impact of social policies on family structures. Perfect for A-Level Sociology students preparing for Paper 2.

Sociology

Macbeth: Guilt and Ambition

Explore the complex themes of guilt and ambition in Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'. This analysis covers key characters, including Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, their moral dilemmas, and the tragic consequences of their ambition. Ideal for students studying character motivations, thematic elements, and the psychological impact of power. Includes insights on the natural order, manipulation, and the descent into madness.

English Literature

WJEC Unit 4 Criminology

Criminology unit 4 detailed revision note

Criminology

Criminal Justice Evidence Rules

Criminology

Romeo and Juliet: Key themes

Key Romeo and Juliet themes and analysed quotes

English Literature

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.6/5

App Store

4.7/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Basil

Android user

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Rohan U

Android user

Xander S

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Criminology

•

1,713

•

31 Jan 2026

•

2 pages

Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples

Maddy

@maddy_yaup

The crime control model and due process modelare two competing approaches in the criminal justice system. The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression to ensure public safety, while the due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring... Show more

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Key Concerns and Case Studies

This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.

Key Concerns

Crime Control Model Concerns:

Crime repression as the most important function
Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
Expanding police powers
Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
Swift case disposition
Presumption of guilt based on charges filed

Due Process Model Concerns:

Providing fundamental fairness under the law
Limiting police powers
Implementing procedural safeguards
Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
Protecting innocence and individual rights

Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.

Case Studies

The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:

Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.

Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.

Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Crime Control vs Due Process Models

Crime Control Model

The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.

Key aspects include:

Focus on swift and severe punishment
"Assembly-line" approach to case processing
Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
Conservative perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.

Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.

Due Process Model

The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.

Key aspects include:

Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
"Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
Limited police powers to prevent oppression
Presumption of innocence
Liberal perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.

Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.