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Updated Mar 23, 2026

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Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples

Maddy

@maddy_yaup

The crime control model and due process modelare two... Show more

AC1.3: Describe models of criminal justice

Task 1:

Stanford University law professor, Herbert Packer (1968) constructed two models to repr

Key Concerns and Case Studies

This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.

Key Concerns

Crime Control Model Concerns:

Crime repression as the most important function
Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
Expanding police powers
Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
Swift case disposition
Presumption of guilt based on charges filed

Due Process Model Concerns:

Providing fundamental fairness under the law
Limiting police powers
Implementing procedural safeguards
Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
Protecting innocence and individual rights

Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.

Case Studies

The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:

Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.

Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.

Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.

Crime Control vs Due Process Models

This page introduces Herbert Packer's two competing models of criminal justice: the crime control model and the due process model. These models represent different value systems operating within the criminal justice system.

Crime Control Model

The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.

Key aspects include:

Focus on swift and severe punishment
"Assembly-line" approach to case processing
Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
Conservative perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.

Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.

Due Process Model

The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.

Key aspects include:

Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
"Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
Limited police powers to prevent oppression
Presumption of innocence
Liberal perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.

Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.

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Criminology

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Updated Mar 23, 2026

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2 pages

Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples

Maddy

@maddy_yaup

The crime control model and due process modelare two competing approaches in the criminal justice system. The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression to ensure public safety, while the due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring... Show more

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Key Concerns and Case Studies

This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.

Key Concerns

Crime Control Model Concerns:

Crime repression as the most important function
Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
Expanding police powers
Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
Swift case disposition
Presumption of guilt based on charges filed

Due Process Model Concerns:

Providing fundamental fairness under the law
Limiting police powers
Implementing procedural safeguards
Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
Protecting innocence and individual rights

Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.

Case Studies

The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:

Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.

Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.

Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Crime Control vs Due Process Models

Crime Control Model

The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.

Key aspects include:

Focus on swift and severe punishment
"Assembly-line" approach to case processing
Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
Conservative perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.

Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.

Due Process Model

The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.

Key aspects include:

Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
"Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
Limited police powers to prevent oppression
Presumption of innocence
Liberal perspective on criminal justice

Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.

Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.