Retribution vs. Rehabilitation as Aims of Punishment
This page presents a practice question discussing retribution and rehabilitation as aims of sentencing in criminology.
Retribution focuses on punishing offenders for their crimes, often through prison sentences or, in some jurisdictions, the death penalty. It aims to inflict punishment proportional to the offense, following the principle of "an eye for an eye." Retribution aligns with right realist criminology, which posits that offenders rationally choose to commit crimes and should face consequences.
Definition: Retribution in criminology refers to the idea that punishment should be proportional to the crime committed, serving as a form of justice.
Rehabilitation, on the other hand, seeks to change offenders' behavior and help them recognize their wrongdoing. It may involve various approaches:
- Aversion therapy (based on Eysenck's individualistic theory)
- Education programs in prison to develop social and vocational skills
- Addressing root causes of crime, such as poverty and unemployment (linked to left realist criminology)
Example: Carpentry programs in prisons aim to provide offenders with employable skills, reducing the likelihood of reoffending upon release.
The essay discusses criticisms of both approaches. Rehabilitation programs may not always prevent reoffending, and their effectiveness can vary. Retribution faces challenges in determining proportional punishment, which can be subjective and lead to inconsistent sentencing for similar crimes.
Highlight: The debate between retribution and rehabilitation reflects broader discussions in criminology about the aims of punishment, including deterrence, protection, and justice.