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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
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14
0
Maddy
02/10/2025
Criminology
A-Level Criminology Unit 4 - AC2.2
754
•
2 Oct 2025
•
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
Imprisonment for Public Protection and Aims of Punishment in Criminology... Show more
This page presents a practice question discussing retribution and rehabilitation as aims of sentencing in criminology.
Retribution focuses on punishing offenders for their crimes, often through prison sentences or, in some jurisdictions, the death penalty. It aims to inflict punishment proportional to the offense, following the principle of "an eye for an eye." Retribution aligns with right realist criminology, which posits that offenders rationally choose to commit crimes and should face consequences.
Definition: Retribution in criminology refers to the idea that punishment should be proportional to the crime committed, serving as a form of justice.
Rehabilitation, on the other hand, seeks to change offenders' behavior and help them recognize their wrongdoing. It may involve various approaches:
Example: Carpentry programs in prisons aim to provide offenders with employable skills, reducing the likelihood of reoffending upon release.
The essay discusses criticisms of both approaches. Rehabilitation programs may not always prevent reoffending, and their effectiveness can vary. Retribution faces challenges in determining proportional punishment, which can be subjective and lead to inconsistent sentencing for similar crimes.
Highlight: The debate between retribution and rehabilitation reflects broader discussions in criminology about the aims of punishment, including deterrence, protection, and justice.
This page discusses the use of imprisonment as a means of public protection and the implementation of mandatory minimum sentences for repeat offenders in the UK and US.
Imprisonment has become the primary method of protecting society from offenders in modern times. The Criminal Justice Act 1991 introduced mandatory minimum sentences in the UK for certain offenses. For example, a Class A drug trafficking offense carries a minimum 7-year sentence, while a third domestic burglary conviction results in a minimum 3-year sentence.
In the US, "three strikes" laws were introduced in the 1990s, mandating long prison terms for repeat offenders. These laws can result in life sentences for a third serious offense, regardless of its severity.
Example: Jerry Williams received a 25-year sentence for stealing a pizza slice under California's three strikes law.
The page also touches on biological theories of crime, such as Lombroso's idea that criminals are biologically different and cannot be rehabilitated. Right realist criminologists argue that a small number of persistent offenders are responsible for most crime, supporting containment strategies.
Highlight: Criticisms of public protection through imprisonment include the "warehousing" of offenders with little hope of release and rising prison populations leading to increased costs.
Vocabulary: Recidivism refers to the tendency of convicted criminals to reoffend.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
Imprisonment for Public Protection and Aims of Punishment in Criminology
This document covers key concepts in WJEC Criminology Unit 4, focusing on imprisonment for public protection and aims of punishment. It explores mandatory minimum sentences, repeat offender laws, and... Show more
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
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This page presents a practice question discussing retribution and rehabilitation as aims of sentencing in criminology.
Retribution focuses on punishing offenders for their crimes, often through prison sentences or, in some jurisdictions, the death penalty. It aims to inflict punishment proportional to the offense, following the principle of "an eye for an eye." Retribution aligns with right realist criminology, which posits that offenders rationally choose to commit crimes and should face consequences.
Definition: Retribution in criminology refers to the idea that punishment should be proportional to the crime committed, serving as a form of justice.
Rehabilitation, on the other hand, seeks to change offenders' behavior and help them recognize their wrongdoing. It may involve various approaches:
Example: Carpentry programs in prisons aim to provide offenders with employable skills, reducing the likelihood of reoffending upon release.
The essay discusses criticisms of both approaches. Rehabilitation programs may not always prevent reoffending, and their effectiveness can vary. Retribution faces challenges in determining proportional punishment, which can be subjective and lead to inconsistent sentencing for similar crimes.
Highlight: The debate between retribution and rehabilitation reflects broader discussions in criminology about the aims of punishment, including deterrence, protection, and justice.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page discusses the use of imprisonment as a means of public protection and the implementation of mandatory minimum sentences for repeat offenders in the UK and US.
Imprisonment has become the primary method of protecting society from offenders in modern times. The Criminal Justice Act 1991 introduced mandatory minimum sentences in the UK for certain offenses. For example, a Class A drug trafficking offense carries a minimum 7-year sentence, while a third domestic burglary conviction results in a minimum 3-year sentence.
In the US, "three strikes" laws were introduced in the 1990s, mandating long prison terms for repeat offenders. These laws can result in life sentences for a third serious offense, regardless of its severity.
Example: Jerry Williams received a 25-year sentence for stealing a pizza slice under California's three strikes law.
The page also touches on biological theories of crime, such as Lombroso's idea that criminals are biologically different and cannot be rehabilitated. Right realist criminologists argue that a small number of persistent offenders are responsible for most crime, supporting containment strategies.
Highlight: Criticisms of public protection through imprisonment include the "warehousing" of offenders with little hope of release and rising prison populations leading to increased costs.
Vocabulary: Recidivism refers to the tendency of convicted criminals to reoffend.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
14
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore key concepts in criminology related to punishment models, including rehabilitation, deterrence, and restorative justice. This mindmap covers individualistic theories, right realism, and alternatives to prison, providing a comprehensive overview for students studying criminal justice principles. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding the complexities of crime and sentencing.
CriminologyThese were the revision cards I used for my Criminology Unit 4 exam. Feel free to print these out and use them as an exam resource, they have been colour coded for each AC. Good luck!
CriminologyComprehensive mindmaps covering key concepts in the Crime and Punishment topic for WJEC Criminology Unit 4. This resource includes detailed insights into the Criminal Justice System, crime prevention strategies, sentencing models, and the roles of various agencies. Ideal for A-Level revision, ensuring you grasp essential theories and legislative processes to excel in your exams.
CriminologyExplore a comprehensive summary of key concepts in criminology for WJEC Level 3 Unit 2. This document covers essential theories of crime, including biological, sociological, and psychological perspectives, as well as the impact of media, labelling theory, and crime types. Ideal for students preparing for exams or seeking a concise reference on crime and deviance.
CriminologyExplore the internal and external mechanisms of social control, including Freud's concept of the superego, socialization processes, and the role of agencies in enforcing norms. This summary covers key theories such as coercion, positive and negative sanctions, and the impact of cultural traditions on behavior. Ideal for students studying sociology and psychology.
CriminologyExplore comprehensive insights into the criminal justice system in England and Wales, covering key concepts such as the trial process, roles of the Crown Prosecution Service, sentencing models, and the impact of criminological theories. This detailed study resource spans over 30 pages and includes links to relevant theories from Unit 2, making it essential for criminology students seeking to understand the complexities of crime and punishment.
CriminologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
