Atomic Structure

This section delves into the fundamental structure of atoms, providing a detailed exploration of subatomic particles and their properties.

Vocabulary: Atomic structure refers to the arrangement of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) within an atom.

Key concepts covered:

• Structure and components of an atom
• Properties of protons, electrons, and neutrons
• Atomic number and mass number
• Electron shell configurations
• Drawing electron shell diagrams for sodium and oxygen
• Isotopes and their significance

Example: The section includes a table for students to complete, detailing the mass, charge, and location of protons, electrons, and neutrons within an atom.

Highlight: Students learn how to calculate the mass number of an element and determine the number of neutrons, essential skills for understanding atomic structure.

Periodic Table

This section provides a comprehensive overview of the periodic table, focusing on the properties and behaviors of different element groups.

Definition: The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Key topics covered:

• Group 1 elements (Alkali Metals)
• Group 7 elements (Halogens)
• Group 0/8 elements (Noble Gases)
• Reactivity trends within groups
• Electron gain and loss in different element groups

Example: The section includes a detailed periodic table for students to label, highlighting the distinction between metals and non-metals.

Vocabulary:

• Element: A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom
• Atom: The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
• Ion: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

Highlight: The section explains why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties, providing a deeper understanding of periodic table organization.