Methods of Separating Mixtures

This page outlines five primary methods for separating mixtures in chemistry and provides detailed explanations of filtration, crystallization, and distillation.

Highlight: The five main methods of separating mixtures are:

1. Chromatography
2. Distillation
3. Evaporation
4. Filtration
5. Crystallization

Definition: Filtration is the removal of solid particles from a liquid using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles.

Example: Crystallization is used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some of the solvent evaporates, causing the volume to decrease and leaving solid crystals behind.

Vocabulary: Distillation is the process of boiling and condensing a mixture of liquids in a closed system, allowing the products to escape. This can separate products because the one with the lower boiling point will escape first and collect at the end of the escape tube.

Definition: An element is a substance made from only one type of atom, while a compound is a substance made from two or more types of atoms bonded together.

Mixtures and Filtration

This page delves deeper into the concept of mixtures and the filtration process for separating insoluble solids from liquids.

Definition: Mixtures are groups of atoms, elements, and compounds that are mixed but not bonded. They can be separated from each other without a chemical reaction.

Example: Just like different colored sweets can be picked out from a mixed packet and put into separate piles, components of a mixture can be separated.

Highlight: Filtration is used for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. For example, sand can be separated from a mixture of sand and water using filtration because sand does not dissolve in water.

Example: In the filtration process, a filter funnel is used with filter paper. The mixture is poured through the filter, where the solid (residue) is trapped on the filter paper, and the liquid (filtrate) passes through.