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Complete AQA Chemistry Paper 2 Notes: Recycling, Life Cycle, and More

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Complete AQA Chemistry Paper 2 Notes: Recycling, Life Cycle, and More

Meredith Gray

@meredithgray

4 Followers

The document provides comprehensive Entire aqa chemistry paper 2 notes for recycling and life cycle questions and answers, covering key topics in GCSE Chemistry including recycling, life cycle assessments, finite and renewable resources, carbon footprint, and atmospheric composition. It explores sustainable development methods, environmental impacts, and climate change concepts.

Key points:

Recycling processes for metals and glass
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) stages and challenges
Finite vs renewable resources and sustainable extraction methods
Carbon footprint reduction strategies
Fossil fuel formation and environmental impacts
Greenhouse effect and climate change mechanisms

30/05/2023

977

Finite and Renewable Resources

This section discusses the concept of finite and renewable resources, sustainable development, and methods for improving resource sustainability. Natural resources form without human input, but finite resources are not replenished quickly enough to be considered replaceable.

Definition: Sustainable development is an approach that meets present societal needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The page outlines sustainable methods for extracting copper from low-grade ores:

Bioleaching: Using bacteria to convert copper compounds into soluble forms.
Phytomining: Growing plants in copper-rich soil to accumulate copper in their leaves.

Vocabulary: Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores.

Example: In phytomining, plants are harvested, dried, and burned. The resulting ash contains soluble copper compounds, which can be extracted through electrolysis or displacement reactions.

recycling + life cycle
· recycling metall = less energy than extracting new metal
↳ melting + casting into new product.
assessments
→ depend

Fossil Fuels and Climate Change

This section covers the formation of fossil fuels, their environmental impacts, and the mechanisms of climate change. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals.

Example: Coal is formed from fern and tree remains, while crude oil and natural gas are formed from plankton.

The greenhouse effect and its role in climate change are explained:

Short-wavelength radiation from the sun passes through the atmosphere.
Earth's surface absorbs this energy and re-emits it as long-wavelength radiation.
Greenhouse gases trap this long-wavelength radiation, increasing atmospheric temperature.

Highlight: Deforestation exacerbates climate change by reducing the Earth's capacity to absorb CO₂.

Vocabulary: Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.

Climate change impacts include:

Melting polar ice and rising sea levels
More severe weather events
Changes in animal distribution

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Recycling and Life Cycle Assessments

This page covers the importance of recycling metals and glass, as well as the concept of Life Cycle Assessment GCSE Chemistry. Recycling metals requires less energy than extracting new metal, involving melting and casting into new products. Glass recycling involves separating bottles by color and composition before crushing and melting for reuse.

Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) examine every stage of a product's life to assess its environmental impact. The four main stages are:

Obtaining raw materials
Manufacturing and packaging
Product use
Product disposal

Definition: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive evaluation of a product's environmental impact throughout its entire lifecycle, from raw material extraction to disposal.

Highlight: LCAs can be problematic due to potential bias, selective reporting, and difficulty in measuring exact environmental damage.

Example: During the manufacturing stage, waste products and fumes like carbon monoxide can be produced, impacting the environment.

View

Carbon Footprint and Emissions Reduction

This page focuses on the concept of carbon footprint and strategies for reducing CO₂ emissions. Carbon footprint represents the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service, or event.

Strategies for reducing CO₂ emissions include:

Improving home insulation
Using public transport instead of personal cars
Generating electricity from renewable resources

Highlight: Reducing methane emissions from cattle farming is challenging as it requires people to change their dietary habits and consume less meat and dairy.

The page also discusses pollutants from fuels:

Carbon monoxide formation when oxygen supply is limited
Sulfur dioxide production from burning coal
Nitrogen oxides causing breathing problems

Vocabulary: Oxidation is the process of a substance combining with oxygen, often occurring during combustion.

View

Atmospheric Composition

The final page discusses the composition of Earth's atmosphere:

21% oxygen
78% nitrogen
Small percentages of other gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, water vapor)

Highlight: The atmospheric composition has remained relatively constant for about 200 million years.

This information provides a foundation for understanding How to reduce carbon footprint GCSE Chemistry and the broader impacts of human activities on the environment.

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Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

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Download in

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Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

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Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 11 countries

950 K+

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iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average app rating

13 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 11 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user

I love this app ❤️ I actually use it every time I study.

Subjects

Chemistry

The earth & atmosphere

Resources from the earth

Complete AQA Chemistry Paper 2 Notes: Recycling, Life Cycle, and More

View

Meredith Gray

@meredithgray

4 Followers

Complete AQA Chemistry Paper 2 Notes: Recycling, Life Cycle, and More

Key points:

Recycling processes for metals and glass
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) stages and challenges
Finite vs renewable resources and sustainable extraction methods
Carbon footprint reduction strategies
Fossil fuel formation and environmental impacts
Greenhouse effect and climate change mechanisms

30/05/2023

977

Finite and Renewable Resources

Definition: Sustainable development is an approach that meets present societal needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The page outlines sustainable methods for extracting copper from low-grade ores:

Bioleaching: Using bacteria to convert copper compounds into soluble forms.
Phytomining: Growing plants in copper-rich soil to accumulate copper in their leaves.

Vocabulary: Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores.

Example: In phytomining, plants are harvested, dried, and burned. The resulting ash contains soluble copper compounds, which can be extracted through electrolysis or displacement reactions.

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Fossil Fuels and Climate Change

Example: Coal is formed from fern and tree remains, while crude oil and natural gas are formed from plankton.

The greenhouse effect and its role in climate change are explained:

Short-wavelength radiation from the sun passes through the atmosphere.
Earth's surface absorbs this energy and re-emits it as long-wavelength radiation.
Greenhouse gases trap this long-wavelength radiation, increasing atmospheric temperature.

Highlight: Deforestation exacerbates climate change by reducing the Earth's capacity to absorb CO₂.

Vocabulary: Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.

Climate change impacts include:

Melting polar ice and rising sea levels
More severe weather events
Changes in animal distribution

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Recycling and Life Cycle Assessments

Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) examine every stage of a product's life to assess its environmental impact. The four main stages are:

Obtaining raw materials
Manufacturing and packaging
Product use
Product disposal

Definition: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive evaluation of a product's environmental impact throughout its entire lifecycle, from raw material extraction to disposal.

Highlight: LCAs can be problematic due to potential bias, selective reporting, and difficulty in measuring exact environmental damage.

Example: During the manufacturing stage, waste products and fumes like carbon monoxide can be produced, impacting the environment.

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Carbon Footprint and Emissions Reduction

Strategies for reducing CO₂ emissions include:

Improving home insulation
Using public transport instead of personal cars
Generating electricity from renewable resources

Highlight: Reducing methane emissions from cattle farming is challenging as it requires people to change their dietary habits and consume less meat and dairy.

The page also discusses pollutants from fuels:

Carbon monoxide formation when oxygen supply is limited
Sulfur dioxide production from burning coal
Nitrogen oxides causing breathing problems

Vocabulary: Oxidation is the process of a substance combining with oxygen, often occurring during combustion.

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Atmospheric Composition

The final page discusses the composition of Earth's atmosphere:

21% oxygen
78% nitrogen
Small percentages of other gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, water vapor)

Highlight: The atmospheric composition has remained relatively constant for about 200 million years.

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the #1 education app in five European countries

Knowunity has been named a featured story on Apple and has regularly topped the app store charts in the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

4.9+

Average app rating

13 M

Pupils love Knowunity

#1

In education app charts in 11 countries

950 K+

Students have uploaded notes

Still not convinced? See what other students are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much, I also use it daily. I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a D to an A with it :D

Philip, iOS User

The app is very simple and well designed. So far I have always found everything I was looking for :D

Lena, iOS user