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Atomic theory
10/04/2023
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3 ATOMIC THEORY ATOMIC STRUCTURE -All substances are made up of atoms. -There are millions of substances which are all naturally made up of elements. -Smallest part of an element is an atom. -Compounds: two or more elements Chemically combined. -new ators are made from stars or in nuclear processes. STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM -An atom consists of a small central nucleus, made up of protons and neutrons. - They are surrounded by ting electrons. -Protons, neutrons and electrons are called sub-atomic particles. ELECTRON PROTON NAME OF PARTICLE PROTON NEUTRON ELECTRON NUCLEUS r - virtually all the mass is concentrated in the nucleus, because the electrons hardly weigh anything. RELATIVE CHARGE +1 (POSITIVE) 0 (NEUTRAL) -1 ·NEUTRON RELATIVE MASS 1 1 1/1836 ie v-v small L Ji ELECTRONS --Atoms are arranged to be electrically neutral: + Number of electrons = number of protons. ATOMIC NUMBER -all atoms of a particular element have the same number of porotons. -The number of protons in an atom is called the ATOMIC NUMBER or PROTON NUMBER Atomic mumber = number of protons. eg: Aluminium nas om atomic number of 13 -So it has. 13 protons and 13 electrons, electronic configuration = 2,831 -different elements have different atomic numbers on the periodic table the atomic numbers increase in order. MASS NUMBER -The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons. mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons. This information is presented as: •Mass number Cobalt Other examples: mass number 59 59-(27) = (32) P+N Co P=N -atomic number = number...
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Alternative transcript:
of protons. number of neutrons. number of protons Using the periodic table find the atomic number and mass number for the elements: its in group 3 ] finding the number of neutrons. 32 32-16 16 number of neutrons = 16 24 12 Mg 24-12= 12 number of neutrons = 12 7! 4. THE ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTROWS IN AN ATOM --Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in energy levels. (or shells), the lowest energy level is closest to the nucleus. -The negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. - the lower energy levels are always filled first. First level Second level third level. 2 8 eg: lithium has 3 electrons. The first 2 go in the first shell and the last goes into the outer shell. -nucleus ∙inner shell with 2 elections -outer shell with 1 election. 8 (can hold 10 more) You write the electrons as number representing how 3 numbers with commas, each many electrons are on that shell. leg: Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 - so there are 17 electrons (and 17 protons) 1-2 of these electrons are in the first shell, & in next and 7 in the outer most shell. ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION = 2,817 you - The NOTE! -when drawing the shells and electrons on the nucleus - do the electrons in pairs and evenly around the circle so do not lose count. number of electrons they have on the outer most dictates what group they are in. Shell 7!