Atomic theory and structure are fundamental concepts in chemistry, explaining the composition of matter at its most basic level. This summary covers key aspects including the structure of atoms, subatomic particles, atomic number, mass number, and electron configuration. Full notes on atomic theory and structure pdf provide a comprehensive overview of these essential topics for students studying chemistry at various levels.
The atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Understanding atomic number and mass number in elements gcse is crucial, as these values determine an element's identity and properties. The atomic number represents the number of protons, while the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons. Electron configuration describes how electrons are arranged in energy levels or shells around the nucleus, following specific rules.
• Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties
• Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine
• Subatomic particles include protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative charge)
• The atomic number equals the number of protons and determines the element's identity
• The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
• Electrons are arranged in energy levels, with the lowest levels filled first
• Electronic configuration notation describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's shells
