Forensic Bugs and Your Body: Cool Science and Scary Germs

Topic Six A level Biology

Subjects

Biology

Infection and response

Communicable diseases

Non-specific human defence systems against disease

697

•

23 Apr 2023

•

1 page

Forensic Bugs and Your Body: Cool Science and Scary Germs

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@cirice

The transcript covers key concepts in forensic science, immunology, and... Show more

Forensic and time of death
• Body temperature (Nigor Marvirs) - can only be used in the past 24 hours
•Factors that affect :
"was person tem

Forensic and Time of Death Determination

This page covers essential methods used in forensic entomology and time of death estimation, as well as key concepts in immunology and infectious diseases.

Forensic Time of Death Estimation:

Body temperature $algor mortis$ can be used within 24 hours of death
Muscle contraction $rigor mortis$ occurs 3 hours after death and lasts about 5 hours
Forensic entomology uses insect life cycles to determine time since death
Decomposition involves tissue breakdown due to enzymes and bacterial action

Highlight: The time between death and the discovery of a body is known as the post-mortem interval, which forensic scientists aim to determine accurately.

Specific Immune Response:

Antigen-specific responses target particular pathogens
Involves lymphocytes produced in bone marrow
B cells mature in bone marrow and are involved in humoral response
T cells mature in thymus gland and are involved in cell-mediated responses

Vocabulary: Innate immunity refers to the body's non-specific defense mechanisms, while adaptive immunity involves specific responses to pathogens.

Tuberculosis:

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis
Transmitted through droplet infection in lungs
Primary infection is often symptomless
Secondary infection symptoms include fever, weight loss, coughing, and fatigue

Example: Symptoms of tuberculosis in throat may include persistent cough, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing.

Non-specific Defense Mechanisms:

Physical barriers: skin, stomach acid, gut flora
Inflammation: triggered by histamine release, causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
Phagocytosis: white blood cells engulf pathogens

Definition: Non-specific immune response refers to the body's ability to defend against pathogens without recognizing specific antigens.

DNA Profiling:

Uses electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments
Polymerase Chain Reaction $PCR$ amplifies DNA samples

Antibiotics:

Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotics stop bacterial reproduction
Antibiotic resistance can develop through mutations

Quote: "Dr will prescribe antibiotics when truly needed. Patients must complete the full course."

This comprehensive guide provides valuable insights into forensic entomology, time of death examples, and immune response, essential for students and professionals in forensic science and related fields.

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Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

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Thomas R

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Basil

Android user

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Rohan U

Android user

Xander S

iOS user

Elisha

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Paul T

iOS user

Subjects

Biology

Infection and response

Communicable diseases

Non-specific human defence systems against disease

Biology

•

697

•

23 Apr 2023

•

1 page

Forensic Bugs and Your Body: Cool Science and Scary Germs

@cirice

The transcript covers key concepts in forensic science, immunology, and microbiology, focusing on determining time of death, immune responses, and infectious diseases like tuberculosis. It also touches on DNA profiling and antibiotic resistance.

Forensic entomology time of deathdetermination uses... Show more

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Forensic and Time of Death Determination

This page covers essential methods used in forensic entomology and time of death estimation, as well as key concepts in immunology and infectious diseases.

Forensic Time of Death Estimation:

Body temperature $algor mortis$ can be used within 24 hours of death
Muscle contraction $rigor mortis$ occurs 3 hours after death and lasts about 5 hours
Forensic entomology uses insect life cycles to determine time since death
Decomposition involves tissue breakdown due to enzymes and bacterial action

Highlight: The time between death and the discovery of a body is known as the post-mortem interval, which forensic scientists aim to determine accurately.

Specific Immune Response:

Antigen-specific responses target particular pathogens
Involves lymphocytes produced in bone marrow
B cells mature in bone marrow and are involved in humoral response
T cells mature in thymus gland and are involved in cell-mediated responses

Vocabulary: Innate immunity refers to the body's non-specific defense mechanisms, while adaptive immunity involves specific responses to pathogens.

Tuberculosis:

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis
Transmitted through droplet infection in lungs
Primary infection is often symptomless
Secondary infection symptoms include fever, weight loss, coughing, and fatigue

Example: Symptoms of tuberculosis in throat may include persistent cough, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing.

Non-specific Defense Mechanisms:

Physical barriers: skin, stomach acid, gut flora
Inflammation: triggered by histamine release, causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
Phagocytosis: white blood cells engulf pathogens

Definition: Non-specific immune response refers to the body's ability to defend against pathogens without recognizing specific antigens.

DNA Profiling:

Uses electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments
Polymerase Chain Reaction $PCR$ amplifies DNA samples

Antibiotics:

Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotics stop bacterial reproduction
Antibiotic resistance can develop through mutations

Quote: "Dr will prescribe antibiotics when truly needed. Patients must complete the full course."

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Basil

Android user

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Rohan U

Android user

Xander S

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Basil

Android user

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Rohan U

Android user

Xander S

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Forensic Bugs and Your Body: Cool Science and Scary Germs

Forensic and Time of Death Determination

We thought you’d never ask...

What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

Is Knowunity really free of charge?

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Forensic Bugs and Your Body: Cool Science and Scary Germs

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Forensic and Time of Death Determination

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Where can I download the Knowunity app?

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