Ecosystems are complex systems comprising living organisms and their non-living environment. This guide explores sampling methods for measuring ecosystem biotic factors and the importance of abiotic factors in habitat ecosystems, as well as effective techniques for soil pH measurement in ecosystems.
Key points:
- Ecosystems consist of habitats, communities, and their interactions
- Sampling methods are crucial for studying organism distribution
- Both biotic and abiotic factors play vital roles in ecosystem function
- Various tools and techniques are used to measure environmental factors