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24 Dec 2025

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2 pages

Understanding Weather Patterns and Natural Hazards

Harry

@revisewithharry

Extreme weather events like droughts and tropical storms are becoming... Show more

WHAT ARE DROUGHTS?
A prolonged period of shortages
of rainfall (due to a lack of
rainfall).

WHAT ARE THE NATURAL
CAUSES OF DROUGHTS?
Weathe

Understanding Droughts and Climate Patterns

Droughts are basically what happens when an area doesn't get enough rainfall for an extended period. Think of it like nature's version of turning off the tap - but the consequences can be massive for entire regions.

Natural causes include anticyclone weather systems $those high-pressure areas that bring hot, dry conditions$ , global warming shifting weather patterns, and El Niño events that flip normal weather on its head. But humans make things worse through overpopulation creating huge water demand, overextraction from wells, and overcultivation where farmers use too much water for crops.

Arid areas are regions so dry that plants and animals struggle to survive there. Scientists can track how climate has changed over time using clever evidence like tree rings (wider rings mean warmer years), satellite images showing shrinking glaciers, and historical records of frost fairs on rivers that never freeze today.

Quick Fact: During the last 250,000 years, Earth's temperature dropped by 9°C around 140,000 years ago - that's massive compared to today's climate change!

The UK's climate varies dramatically by region due to relief rainfall. The northwest gets cold and wet weather, whilst the southeast stays relatively warm and dry. This happens because of three major atmospheric cells - Polar, Ferrell, and Hadley - that create our global weather patterns.

Tropical Storms: Formation and Devastating Impacts

Tropical storms are nature's most powerful weather machines, but they need very specific conditions to form. You need water temperatures of at least 27°C, ocean depths of 75m or more, converging trade winds, and the Coriolis effect to get things spinning.

The formation process is like a massive heat engine. Solar heating makes warm air rise quickly over the ocean, creating low pressure. More warm, moist air gets sucked upwards, forming strong winds that spiral and cool, creating towering cumulonimbus clouds that form the storm's eye wall.

When these storms hit, the social impacts are devastating. People get injured or killed by flying debris, lose their homes, and face water shortages that lead to disease. Unemployment skyrockets when businesses get destroyed, and food shortages occur when crops and livestock are wiped out.

Reality Check: The economic cost includes rebuilding damaged infrastructure, lost business from disrupted tourism and trade, and farmers losing entire harvests.

Environmental impacts are equally severe. Trees fall and vegetation floods, destroying animal habitats. Sewage systems overflow, threatening human health. Transport networks become unusable due to flooding, and coastal areas suffer serious beach erosion that can permanently change the landscape.

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24 Dec 2025

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2 pages

Understanding Weather Patterns and Natural Hazards

Harry

@revisewithharry

Extreme weather events like droughts and tropical storms are becoming increasingly important to understand as our climate changes. This topic covers everything from what causes these dramatic weather patterns to how they impact people, economies, and the environment around the... Show more

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Understanding Droughts and Climate Patterns

Quick Fact: During the last 250,000 years, Earth's temperature dropped by 9°C around 140,000 years ago - that's massive compared to today's climate change!

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Tropical Storms: Formation and Devastating Impacts

Reality Check: The economic cost includes rebuilding damaged infrastructure, lost business from disrupted tourism and trade, and farmers losing entire harvests.