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Daisy Craig
17/02/2023
Biology
SB5 Health and Disease - The Immune System
The immune system's defense mechanisms against pathogens, including B-lymphocytes and physical barriers.
17/02/2023
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Specific Immunity
A revision sheet about the specific immune system including; phagocytes, antibodies, lymphocytes, humoray immunity, primary and secondary immune response and autoimmune diseases. All is needed to be known for OCR A A-level Biology
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The immune system's defense mechanisms against pathogens, including B-lymphocytes and physical barriers.
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This page discusses the role of B-lymphocytes and physical barriers in the body's defense against pathogens. It explains how these components of the immune system work to protect us from disease.
B-lymphocytes play a crucial role in the adaptive immune system. They detect antigens, which are unique molecules on the surface of pathogens. Upon detection, B-lymphocytes initiate protein synthesis to produce antibodies specific to the invading pathogen.
Vocabulary: Antigens are unique molecules found on the surface of pathogens that trigger an immune response.
The antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes bind to the invasive pathogens, marking them for destruction by other white blood cells. This process is part of the body's immune response steps.
Highlight: Antibodies are specific to each pathogen and are rapidly produced to circulate throughout the body, seeking out similar pathogens.
The body's first line of defense against pathogens includes various physical barriers:
Example: The ciliated epithelial cells in the respiratory tract are specialized for moving materials, demonstrating how physical and chemical barriers work together to protect the body.
The page highlights the significance of white blood cells in fighting disease:
Quote: "If you have a low white blood cell count, you are more susceptible to infection. HIV attacks white blood cells and weakens the immune system, enabling invasion of other pathogens."
This information underscores how white blood cells protect us from disease and how conditions like HIV can compromise the immune system's effectiveness.
Definition: HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting white blood cells, which weakens the body's ability to fight off other infections.
The page effectively illustrates how B lymphocytes fight pathogens and how various physical barriers to infection work together as part of the body's comprehensive defense system against disease-causing organisms.
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
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THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
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This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
