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Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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17/02/2023
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FIGHTING DISEASE B-Lymphocytes. new patho- gen ntigen 000 4 B-Imphocyte Every pathogen has unique molecules on its surrace - antigens. When B-Imphocytes detect an antigen they begin protein synthesis - producing antibodies. Antibodies bind to the invasive porthogen so it can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells. Antibodies are specific to " pathogen. The antibodies are produced rapidly, flowing around the body hogens. to find all similar patho antibodies produced new pathogens. attacked by new artibo- dies + LINK: If you have a low white blood cell count, you are more susceptible to infection. HIV attacks white blood cells and weathens the immune systern, enabling invation of other pathogens. PHYSICAL BARRIERS skin-barrier to pathogens, blood clots to seal cuts. -hairs and mucus. - trop partices that contain pathogens. cells in the trachea + bronchi. "produce mucus and have cilia to waft the mucus to the throat to be swallower LINK : ciliated epithelial cells are specialised for movement of materials. nu: ALVOLVE
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