The ELISA test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a crucial diagnostic tool in AQA A Level Biology that detects specific antibodies or antigens in patient samples. This versatile test employs enzyme-linked antibodies that produce color changes to indicate the presence of target molecules, making it invaluable for detecting infections, allergies, and diseases.
โข The test utilizes enzyme-antibody complexes that react with substrates to produce visible color changes
โข Two main types exist: direct ELISA (using single antibody) and indirect ELISA (using primary and secondary antibodies)
โข Applications include HIV testing and prostate cancer screening through PSA detection
โข Results interpretation relies on color change observation, with positive results indicating presence of target molecules
โข The technique is fundamental to modern medical diagnostics and research
