Maths
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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
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Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
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Inheritance, variation and evolution
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
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Biology
24 Dec 2025
392
8 pages
Asexual vs sexual reproduction in biologyis a key topic covering how organisms produce offspring. Sexual reproduction involves... Show more
This page details the structure and function of the female reproductive system, which is crucial for sexual reproduction in humans.
The main components of the female reproductive system include
• Ovaries produce and store eggs • Fallopian tubes (oviducts) transport eggs and site of fertilization • Uterus where the baby develops • Cervix opening between uterus and vagina • Vagina receives penis during intercourse and birth canal • Labia protective folds of skin • Clitoris sensitive organ full of nerve endings
Vocabulary Oviduct - another term for fallopian tube
Definition The cervix is the small opening between the vagina and uterus.
Highlight The ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus play key roles in reproduction, while structures like the labia and clitoris are involved in sexual pleasure and protection.
This page outlines the structure and function of the male reproductive system, which produces and delivers sperm for sexual reproduction.
Key components of the male reproductive system include
• Testes produce sperm • Epididymis stores sperm • Vas deferens (sperm duct) transports sperm from testes to penis • Urethra tube for both urine and semen • Penis delivers sperm during intercourse • Scrotum sac containing testes, provides cooler environment for sperm production • Foreskin protects the glans (sensitive tip of penis)
Vocabulary Vas deferens - also known as the sperm duct
Definition The epididymis is where sperm are stored after production in the testes.
Highlight The scrotum's ability to regulate temperature is crucial for optimal sperm development.
This page delves into the specifics of human reproduction, focusing on gametes (sex cells) and the process of fertilization.
Male sex cells (sperm) • Millions produced • Small and streamlined • Have a head containing the nucleus, a middle piece with mitochondria, and a tail for movement
Female sex cells (eggs) • Few produced • Large and immobile • Have a protective jelly coat
Key processes in reproduction
Vocabulary Zygote - the fertilized egg before it begins dividing
Definition Ejaculation is the expulsion of sperm through the penis.
Highlight The fusion of sperm and egg nuclei during fertilization combines genetic material from both parents, creating a unique individual.
This page compares two methods of pollination in plants insect pollination and wind pollination.
Insect pollination • Relies on animals to transfer pollen between flowers • Flowers typically have bright colors, strong scents, and nectar to attract insects • Anthers may be hidden within the flower • Stigma is often sticky to capture pollen
Wind pollination • Relies on air currents to transfer pollen between flowers • Flowers are usually small, dull-colored, and lack scent or nectar • Anthers are often exposed outside the flower • Stigma is typically feathery to catch airborne pollen
Vocabulary Anther - the part of the stamen that produces pollen
Definition Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part, enabling fertilization.
Highlight The adaptations for insect vs wind pollination demonstrate how plants have evolved different strategies for reproductive success.
This page compares asexual and sexual reproduction in biology, outlining the key advantages and disadvantages of each.
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring (clones). It is faster and more energy efficient than sexual reproduction. However, the lack of genetic variation makes populations vulnerable to diseases and slows evolution.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents mixing genetic material to produce offspring with unique combinations of genes. This provides genetic variation and allows for faster evolution and adaptation. However, it requires more time and energy to find a mate and produce gametes.
Definition Asexual reproduction is reproduction with only one parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents.
Highlight The key trade-off is between the speed and efficiency of asexual reproduction versus the genetic diversity provided by sexual reproduction.
Example Advantages of asexual reproduction include quicker population growth and energy efficiency. Advantages of sexual reproduction include genetic variation and faster evolution.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the male and female reproductive systems, including the anatomy and functions of key structures such as the testes, ovaries, and uterus. Understand the menstrual cycle phases, ovulation, and hormonal changes. This summary provides essential insights for students studying human reproduction.
BiologyHomeostasis Topic - Includes what you need to know from the AQA Spec
BiologyExplore the stages of the menstrual cycle and the roles of the four key hormones: FSH, estrogen, LH, and progesterone. This summary covers the physiological changes throughout the cycle, including menstruation, ovulation, and hormonal regulation, essential for understanding female reproductive health.
BiologyExplore key concepts in human reproduction with this comprehensive set of revision questions. Covering topics such as gametogenesis, fertilization, the menstrual cycle, and hormonal control, this resource is tailored for A Level Biology students. Enhance your understanding of the male and female reproductive systems, embryology, and the hormonal processes involved in reproduction.
BiologyExplore the intricate roles of hormones in the menstrual cycle, including FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Understand how these hormones interact to regulate ovulation, uterine lining preparation, and the menstrual process. This summary provides a clear overview of hormonal coordination in human reproduction, ideal for exam preparation.
BiologyI hope this helps for higher tier biology
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Asexual vs sexual reproduction in biology is a key topic covering how organisms produce offspring. Sexual reproduction involves two parents mixing genetic material, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring.
• Asexual reproduction is faster and... Show more
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page details the structure and function of the female reproductive system, which is crucial for sexual reproduction in humans.
The main components of the female reproductive system include:
• Ovaries: produce and store eggs • Fallopian tubes (oviducts): transport eggs and site of fertilization • Uterus: where the baby develops • Cervix: opening between uterus and vagina • Vagina: receives penis during intercourse and birth canal • Labia: protective folds of skin • Clitoris: sensitive organ full of nerve endings
Vocabulary: Oviduct - another term for fallopian tube
Definition: The cervix is the small opening between the vagina and uterus.
Highlight: The ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus play key roles in reproduction, while structures like the labia and clitoris are involved in sexual pleasure and protection.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page outlines the structure and function of the male reproductive system, which produces and delivers sperm for sexual reproduction.
Key components of the male reproductive system include:
• Testes: produce sperm • Epididymis: stores sperm • Vas deferens (sperm duct): transports sperm from testes to penis • Urethra: tube for both urine and semen • Penis: delivers sperm during intercourse • Scrotum: sac containing testes, provides cooler environment for sperm production • Foreskin: protects the glans (sensitive tip of penis)
Vocabulary: Vas deferens - also known as the sperm duct
Definition: The epididymis is where sperm are stored after production in the testes.
Highlight: The scrotum's ability to regulate temperature is crucial for optimal sperm development.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page delves into the specifics of human reproduction, focusing on gametes (sex cells) and the process of fertilization.
Male sex cells (sperm): • Millions produced • Small and streamlined • Have a head containing the nucleus, a middle piece with mitochondria, and a tail for movement
Female sex cells (eggs): • Few produced • Large and immobile • Have a protective jelly coat
Key processes in reproduction:
Vocabulary: Zygote - the fertilized egg before it begins dividing
Definition: Ejaculation is the expulsion of sperm through the penis.
Highlight: The fusion of sperm and egg nuclei during fertilization combines genetic material from both parents, creating a unique individual.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page compares two methods of pollination in plants: insect pollination and wind pollination.
Insect pollination: • Relies on animals to transfer pollen between flowers • Flowers typically have bright colors, strong scents, and nectar to attract insects • Anthers may be hidden within the flower • Stigma is often sticky to capture pollen
Wind pollination: • Relies on air currents to transfer pollen between flowers • Flowers are usually small, dull-colored, and lack scent or nectar • Anthers are often exposed outside the flower • Stigma is typically feathery to catch airborne pollen
Vocabulary: Anther - the part of the stamen that produces pollen
Definition: Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part, enabling fertilization.
Highlight: The adaptations for insect vs wind pollination demonstrate how plants have evolved different strategies for reproductive success.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page compares asexual and sexual reproduction in biology, outlining the key advantages and disadvantages of each.
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring (clones). It is faster and more energy efficient than sexual reproduction. However, the lack of genetic variation makes populations vulnerable to diseases and slows evolution.
Sexual reproduction involves two parents mixing genetic material to produce offspring with unique combinations of genes. This provides genetic variation and allows for faster evolution and adaptation. However, it requires more time and energy to find a mate and produce gametes.
Definition: Asexual reproduction is reproduction with only one parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents.
Highlight: The key trade-off is between the speed and efficiency of asexual reproduction versus the genetic diversity provided by sexual reproduction.
Example: Advantages of asexual reproduction include quicker population growth and energy efficiency. Advantages of sexual reproduction include genetic variation and faster evolution.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
15
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the male and female reproductive systems, including the anatomy and functions of key structures such as the testes, ovaries, and uterus. Understand the menstrual cycle phases, ovulation, and hormonal changes. This summary provides essential insights for students studying human reproduction.
BiologyHomeostasis Topic - Includes what you need to know from the AQA Spec
BiologyExplore the stages of the menstrual cycle and the roles of the four key hormones: FSH, estrogen, LH, and progesterone. This summary covers the physiological changes throughout the cycle, including menstruation, ovulation, and hormonal regulation, essential for understanding female reproductive health.
BiologyExplore key concepts in human reproduction with this comprehensive set of revision questions. Covering topics such as gametogenesis, fertilization, the menstrual cycle, and hormonal control, this resource is tailored for A Level Biology students. Enhance your understanding of the male and female reproductive systems, embryology, and the hormonal processes involved in reproduction.
BiologyExplore the intricate roles of hormones in the menstrual cycle, including FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Understand how these hormones interact to regulate ovulation, uterine lining preparation, and the menstrual process. This summary provides a clear overview of hormonal coordination in human reproduction, ideal for exam preparation.
BiologyI hope this helps for higher tier biology
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology