Subjects
Maths
Chemistry
Biology
English Language
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Responding to change (a2 only)
Infection and response
Homeostasis and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Cell biology
Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (a-level only)
Biological molecules
Organisation
Substance exchange
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Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
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Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
The cold war
Inter-war germany
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
2o democracy and nazism: germany, 1918-1945
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
World war two & the holocaust
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2s the making of modern britain, 1951-2007
World war one
Britain: 1509 -1745
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Biology
5 Dec 2025
114
2 pages
Fahema @fahemab
Understanding how the male and female reproductive systems work is crucial for your biology studies and general health... Show more
Ever wondered how your body is designed for reproduction? The male reproductive system focuses on producing and delivering sperm, whilst the female system creates eggs and provides a space for a baby to develop.
In males, the testes (or testicles) are the powerhouses that make sperm and testosterone. They're safely tucked away in the scrotum, which acts like a protective bag. The epididymis is where sperm hang out to mature and learn how to swim properly - think of it as sperm school!
The penis becomes rigid when filled with blood, allowing it to penetrate the vagina during intercourse. Meanwhile, the urethra is quite clever - it's a dual-purpose tube that carries both urine and semen (but never at the same time, thanks to a special valve).
For females, the ovaries are egg factories that also produce hormones like oestrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes have funnel-shaped ends that catch eggs during ovulation, and this is often where fertilisation happens if sperm are present.
Key Point The uterus lining (endometrium) is where a fertilised egg implants to develop into a baby, but it's also what gets shed during periods.
Your menstrual cycle is basically your body's monthly preparation for potential pregnancy - it's like redecorating a room every month just in case you get a visitor!
The cycle starts on day 1 with menstruation (your period), when the thick uterus lining sheds through the vagina. This usually lasts 3-7 days and can come with delightful symptoms like cramps, bloating, and mood swings - basically your body's way of letting you know it's working.
After menstruation, your body gets back to work rebuilding the uterus lining and preparing for ovulation. Around day 14, ovulation occurs - this is when you're most fertile and likely to conceive if sperm are present.
If pregnancy doesn't happen, the thick lining breaks down and prepares to shed again, completing the cycle. The cervix (neck of the womb) stays closed most of the time but opens during labour to let the baby pass through the vagina during birth.
Remember Days 1-5 = menstruation, Days 5-12 = building lining, Days 12-15 = ovulation, Days 15-28 = maintaining lining.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
I hope this helps for higher tier biology
BiologyExplore the intricate hormonal control mechanisms in animals, focusing on the menstrual cycle, homeostasis, and the roles of key hormones like FSH, LH, oestrogen, and progesterone. This summary provides essential insights for GCSE Biology students, covering topics such as the menstrual cycle stages, hormone functions, and the impact of hormones on bodily processes. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding animal physiology.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationship between hormones and homeostasis in this comprehensive summary. Key topics include hormonal contraception, diabetes management, blood sugar regulation, and the menstrual cycle. Ideal for students aiming for high grades in biology, this resource provides essential insights into the endocrine system and its role in maintaining balance within the body.
BiologyExplore the stages of the menstrual cycle and the roles of the four key hormones: FSH, estrogen, LH, and progesterone. This summary covers the physiological changes throughout the cycle, including menstruation, ovulation, and hormonal regulation, essential for understanding female reproductive health.
BiologyExplore the key hormones involved in human reproduction, including oestrogen and testosterone, and their roles in puberty and the menstrual cycle. This summary covers the interactions of FSH and LH, the process of ovulation, and the maintenance of the uterine lining. Ideal for AQA GCSE Biology (Higher) students studying homeostasis and response.
BiologyHomeostasis Topic - Includes what you need to know from the AQA Spec
BiologyQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Fahema
@fahemab
Understanding how the male and female reproductive systems work is crucial for your biology studies and general health knowledge. These systems are designed to produce sex cells (gametes) and enable reproduction, with each part having a specific role to play.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Ever wondered how your body is designed for reproduction? The male reproductive system focuses on producing and delivering sperm, whilst the female system creates eggs and provides a space for a baby to develop.
In males, the testes (or testicles) are the powerhouses that make sperm and testosterone. They're safely tucked away in the scrotum, which acts like a protective bag. The epididymis is where sperm hang out to mature and learn how to swim properly - think of it as sperm school!
The penis becomes rigid when filled with blood, allowing it to penetrate the vagina during intercourse. Meanwhile, the urethra is quite clever - it's a dual-purpose tube that carries both urine and semen (but never at the same time, thanks to a special valve).
For females, the ovaries are egg factories that also produce hormones like oestrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes have funnel-shaped ends that catch eggs during ovulation, and this is often where fertilisation happens if sperm are present.
Key Point: The uterus lining (endometrium) is where a fertilised egg implants to develop into a baby, but it's also what gets shed during periods.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Your menstrual cycle is basically your body's monthly preparation for potential pregnancy - it's like redecorating a room every month just in case you get a visitor!
The cycle starts on day 1 with menstruation (your period), when the thick uterus lining sheds through the vagina. This usually lasts 3-7 days and can come with delightful symptoms like cramps, bloating, and mood swings - basically your body's way of letting you know it's working.
After menstruation, your body gets back to work rebuilding the uterus lining and preparing for ovulation. Around day 14, ovulation occurs - this is when you're most fertile and likely to conceive if sperm are present.
If pregnancy doesn't happen, the thick lining breaks down and prepares to shed again, completing the cycle. The cervix (neck of the womb) stays closed most of the time but opens during labour to let the baby pass through the vagina during birth.
Remember: Days 1-5 = menstruation, Days 5-12 = building lining, Days 12-15 = ovulation, Days 15-28 = maintaining lining.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
2
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
I hope this helps for higher tier biology
BiologyExplore the intricate hormonal control mechanisms in animals, focusing on the menstrual cycle, homeostasis, and the roles of key hormones like FSH, LH, oestrogen, and progesterone. This summary provides essential insights for GCSE Biology students, covering topics such as the menstrual cycle stages, hormone functions, and the impact of hormones on bodily processes. Ideal for exam preparation and understanding animal physiology.
BiologyExplore the intricate relationship between hormones and homeostasis in this comprehensive summary. Key topics include hormonal contraception, diabetes management, blood sugar regulation, and the menstrual cycle. Ideal for students aiming for high grades in biology, this resource provides essential insights into the endocrine system and its role in maintaining balance within the body.
BiologyExplore the stages of the menstrual cycle and the roles of the four key hormones: FSH, estrogen, LH, and progesterone. This summary covers the physiological changes throughout the cycle, including menstruation, ovulation, and hormonal regulation, essential for understanding female reproductive health.
BiologyExplore the key hormones involved in human reproduction, including oestrogen and testosterone, and their roles in puberty and the menstrual cycle. This summary covers the interactions of FSH and LH, the process of ovulation, and the maintenance of the uterine lining. Ideal for AQA GCSE Biology (Higher) students studying homeostasis and response.
BiologyHomeostasis Topic - Includes what you need to know from the AQA Spec
BiologyQuotes from every main character
English LiteratureApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Sociology