Countries around the world exist at different stages of development,... Show more
Biology663 views·Updated May 7, 2026·2 pagesUnderstanding Economic Changes in the World: Nigeria's Perspective
mrfantastic @mrfantastic_zvoh
1
of 2
Measuring Development and the Development Gap
Ever wondered why some countries are wealthy whilst others struggle with poverty? Development is basically how much a country has improved in terms of wealth, health, and safety for its people.
We classify countries into three main types: HICs (High Income Countries like the UK), LICs (Low Income Countries), and NEEs (Newly Emerging Economies like Brazil). Each type has different characteristics based on various measures of development.
There are loads of ways to measure how developed a country is. GNI per head shows average income, whilst birth and death rates reveal health conditions. Other key measures include infant mortality, life expectancy, literacy rates, and access to safe water. The Human Development Index (HDI) combines several measures to give a overall picture.
Quick Tip: Using multiple measures together gives you a much better understanding than relying on just one!
The Demographic Transition Model shows how population changes as countries develop through five stages. In LICs, both birth and death rates are high, but as development occurs, death rates fall first (better healthcare), then birth rates drop later (contraception, women working).
Several factors explain why some places develop faster than others. Physical factors include poor climate and natural hazards, whilst historical factors involve colonisation and conflict. Economic factors like poor trade links and debt also play major roles in keeping countries less developed.
2
of 2
Nigeria Case Study: An NEE's Development Journey
Nigeria perfectly shows how an NEE can transform itself through various development strategies. Located in West Africa, this massive country has become a regional powerhouse despite facing challenges like extremist groups in the north.
Nigeria's changing industrial structure has been dramatic - in 1975, nearly 69% of GDP came from primary sectors like farming, but by 2014, over 53% came from tertiary services. The economy grew at an impressive 7% annually for over a decade! Their Nollywood film industry is now the world's second largest, showing how creative industries can boost development.
International relationships have shifted too. Once a British colony until 1960, Nigeria now leads African organisations and trades globally. Their biggest oil customer switched from the USA to India, showing how trading patterns evolve with development.
Remember: TNCs like Shell bring both benefits (jobs, investment) and problems (pollution, exploitation) to developing countries.
Tourism in places like Kenya demonstrates another development strategy. By cutting visa fees and improving access, Kenya doubled tourist numbers from 0.9 to 1.8 million between 1995-2011. This created 600,000 jobs and improved the country's HDI score, though some local communities faced displacement.
Various strategies can reduce the development gap: foreign investment, industrial development, tourism, aid, intermediate technology, fair trade, debt relief, and microfinance loans. Each has advantages and limitations, but combining multiple approaches tends to work best.
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Biology663 views·Updated May 7, 2026·2 pagesUnderstanding Economic Changes in the World: Nigeria's Perspective
mrfantastic @mrfantastic_zvoh
Countries around the world exist at different stages of development, with some being wealthy High Income Countries (HICs) whilst others are Low Income Countries (LICs) or Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs). Understanding how we measure development and why some places develop... Show more
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Measuring Development and the Development Gap
Ever wondered why some countries are wealthy whilst others struggle with poverty? Development is basically how much a country has improved in terms of wealth, health, and safety for its people.
We classify countries into three main types: HICs (High Income Countries like the UK), LICs (Low Income Countries), and NEEs (Newly Emerging Economies like Brazil). Each type has different characteristics based on various measures of development.
There are loads of ways to measure how developed a country is. GNI per head shows average income, whilst birth and death rates reveal health conditions. Other key measures include infant mortality, life expectancy, literacy rates, and access to safe water. The Human Development Index (HDI) combines several measures to give a overall picture.
Quick Tip: Using multiple measures together gives you a much better understanding than relying on just one!
The Demographic Transition Model shows how population changes as countries develop through five stages. In LICs, both birth and death rates are high, but as development occurs, death rates fall first (better healthcare), then birth rates drop later (contraception, women working).
Several factors explain why some places develop faster than others. Physical factors include poor climate and natural hazards, whilst historical factors involve colonisation and conflict. Economic factors like poor trade links and debt also play major roles in keeping countries less developed.
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Nigeria perfectly shows how an NEE can transform itself through various development strategies. Located in West Africa, this massive country has become a regional powerhouse despite facing challenges like extremist groups in the north.
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