Countries around the world exist at different stages of development,... Show more
SociologySign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
17
0
mrfantastic
02/12/2025
Biology
Paper 2 Section B: The changing economic world (With Nigeria as case study)
646
•
2 Dec 2025
•
Understanding Economic Changes in the World: Nigeria's Perspective
mrfantastic
@mrfantastic_zvoh
Measuring Development and the Development Gap
Ever wondered why some countries are wealthy whilst others struggle with poverty? Development is basically how much a country has improved in terms of wealth, health, and safety for its people.
We classify countries into three main types: HICs (High Income Countries like the UK), LICs (Low Income Countries), and NEEs (Newly Emerging Economies like Brazil). Each type has different characteristics based on various measures of development.
There are loads of ways to measure how developed a country is. GNI per head shows average income, whilst birth and death rates reveal health conditions. Other key measures include infant mortality, life expectancy, literacy rates, and access to safe water. The Human Development Index (HDI) combines several measures to give a overall picture.
Quick Tip: Using multiple measures together gives you a much better understanding than relying on just one!
The Demographic Transition Model shows how population changes as countries develop through five stages. In LICs, both birth and death rates are high, but as development occurs, death rates fall first (better healthcare), then birth rates drop later (contraception, women working).
Several factors explain why some places develop faster than others. Physical factors include poor climate and natural hazards, whilst historical factors involve colonisation and conflict. Economic factors like poor trade links and debt also play major roles in keeping countries less developed.
Nigeria Case Study: An NEE's Development Journey
Nigeria perfectly shows how an NEE can transform itself through various development strategies. Located in West Africa, this massive country has become a regional powerhouse despite facing challenges like extremist groups in the north.
Nigeria's changing industrial structure has been dramatic - in 1975, nearly 69% of GDP came from primary sectors like farming, but by 2014, over 53% came from tertiary services. The economy grew at an impressive 7% annually for over a decade! Their Nollywood film industry is now the world's second largest, showing how creative industries can boost development.
International relationships have shifted too. Once a British colony until 1960, Nigeria now leads African organisations and trades globally. Their biggest oil customer switched from the USA to India, showing how trading patterns evolve with development.
Remember: TNCs like Shell bring both benefits (jobs, investment) and problems (pollution, exploitation) to developing countries.
Tourism in places like Kenya demonstrates another development strategy. By cutting visa fees and improving access, Kenya doubled tourist numbers from 0.9 to 1.8 million between 1995-2011. This created 600,000 jobs and improved the country's HDI score, though some local communities faced displacement.
Various strategies can reduce the development gap: foreign investment, industrial development, tourism, aid, intermediate technology, fair trade, debt relief, and microfinance loans. Each has advantages and limitations, but combining multiple approaches tends to work best.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Biology
Most popular content
English - inspector calls quotes and analysis
Quotes from every main character
English Literature10
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Understanding Economic Changes in the World: Nigeria's Perspective
mrfantastic
@mrfantastic_zvoh
Countries around the world exist at different stages of development, with some being wealthy High Income Countries (HICs) whilst others are Low Income Countries (LICs) or Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs). Understanding how we measure development and why some places develop... Show more
Measuring Development and the Development Gap
Ever wondered why some countries are wealthy whilst others struggle with poverty? Development is basically how much a country has improved in terms of wealth, health, and safety for its people.
We classify countries into three main types: HICs (High Income Countries like the UK), LICs (Low Income Countries), and NEEs (Newly Emerging Economies like Brazil). Each type has different characteristics based on various measures of development.
There are loads of ways to measure how developed a country is. GNI per head shows average income, whilst birth and death rates reveal health conditions. Other key measures include infant mortality, life expectancy, literacy rates, and access to safe water. The Human Development Index (HDI) combines several measures to give a overall picture.
Quick Tip: Using multiple measures together gives you a much better understanding than relying on just one!
The Demographic Transition Model shows how population changes as countries develop through five stages. In LICs, both birth and death rates are high, but as development occurs, death rates fall first (better healthcare), then birth rates drop later (contraception, women working).
Several factors explain why some places develop faster than others. Physical factors include poor climate and natural hazards, whilst historical factors involve colonisation and conflict. Economic factors like poor trade links and debt also play major roles in keeping countries less developed.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Nigeria Case Study: An NEE's Development Journey
Nigeria perfectly shows how an NEE can transform itself through various development strategies. Located in West Africa, this massive country has become a regional powerhouse despite facing challenges like extremist groups in the north.
Nigeria's changing industrial structure has been dramatic - in 1975, nearly 69% of GDP came from primary sectors like farming, but by 2014, over 53% came from tertiary services. The economy grew at an impressive 7% annually for over a decade! Their Nollywood film industry is now the world's second largest, showing how creative industries can boost development.
International relationships have shifted too. Once a British colony until 1960, Nigeria now leads African organisations and trades globally. Their biggest oil customer switched from the USA to India, showing how trading patterns evolve with development.
Remember: TNCs like Shell bring both benefits (jobs, investment) and problems (pollution, exploitation) to developing countries.
Tourism in places like Kenya demonstrates another development strategy. By cutting visa fees and improving access, Kenya doubled tourist numbers from 0.9 to 1.8 million between 1995-2011. This created 600,000 jobs and improved the country's HDI score, though some local communities faced displacement.
Various strategies can reduce the development gap: foreign investment, industrial development, tourism, aid, intermediate technology, fair trade, debt relief, and microfinance loans. Each has advantages and limitations, but combining multiple approaches tends to work best.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
17
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Mock Exam
Quiz
Flashcards
Essay
Similar content
Levels of Biological Organization and the Role of Biomolecules in Living Organisms
Understanding the levels of biological organization and the importance of biomolecules in living organisms.
Biology9th
Nepal vs New Zealand Earthquakes
Explore a detailed comparison of the Nepal and New Zealand earthquakes, focusing on key aspects such as death tolls, response times, and damage costs. This summary highlights the significant differences in impact and preparedness between the two regions, providing valuable insights for students studying earthquake case studies.
Biology9
Glasgow Housing Crisis
Explore the pressing issues of Glasgow's housing market, including the shortage of social housing, the impact of a growing student population, immigration trends, and the challenges posed by an aging population. This summary highlights the rise in homelessness, poverty levels, and the effects of industrial growth on housing demand. Ideal for higher geography studies, this resource provides a comprehensive overview of urban challenges in Glasgow.
BiologyS5
Most popular content in Biology
Most popular content
English - inspector calls quotes and analysis
Quotes from every main character
English Literature10
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user