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Comprehensive Guide to Osmosis Practical for AQA GCSE Science

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Ever wondered why chips go soggy when you leave them out, or why your fingers wrinkle in the bath? It's all down to osmosis - the movement of water through cell membranes. This practical investigation shows you exactly how to measure osmosis in action using simple potato chips and sugar solutions.
Osmosis Required Practical – page 1

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Setting Up Your Osmosis Experiment

You'll be investigating osmosis - the movement of water molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Think of it like water always trying to balance itself out on both sides of a barrier.

Start by cutting five identical potato cylinders using a cork borer, then trim the ends so they're all exactly the same length. Weigh each cylinder carefully - accuracy matters here! You'll need five different concentrations of sugar solution in separate test tubes, from pure water (0.0 mol/dm³) to a strong sugar solution (1.0 mol/dm³).

Pop one potato cylinder into each tube and leave them for the same amount of time. When you remove them, blot them dry before weighing - any surface water will mess up your results.

Top Tip: Keep your potato cylinders the same size and timing consistent - small changes can throw off your entire experiment!

Osmosis Required Practical – page 2

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Understanding Your Results

The magic happens when water moves to balance concentrations on both sides of the potato cell membranes. In distilled water, your potato gained 16.2% mass because water rushed into the cells where sugar concentration was higher - this is called a hypotonic solution.

As sugar concentration increases outside the potato, less water moves in. Eventually, you'll hit a point where water actually leaves the potato cells. In the strongest solutions, the potato lost 9% of its mass because the outside solution was hypertonic - more concentrated than inside the cells.

The graph shows this perfectly - mass gain drops steadily until it crosses zero, then becomes mass loss. Where the line crosses zero tells you the concentration that matches inside the potato cells.

Exam Smart: Remember that water always moves towards higher solute concentration - if there's more sugar outside, water moves out of the potato!

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