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H
Habibah Narmah
12/12/2025
Biology
organisation in animal and plants
57
•
12 Dec 2025
•
Animal and Plant Organization Explained
H
Habibah Narmah
@habibahnarmah_axui
1 / 4
The Heart and Circulation
Your heart is basically a powerful muscle pump that never gets a break - it beats about 100,000 times every day! In mammals like us, we've got a double circulatory system, which means blood takes two separate journeys: first to the lungs to pick up oxygen, then around your entire body to deliver it.
The heart has four chambers - two smaller atria that receive blood, and two larger ventricles that pump it out. The right side handles deoxygenated blood heading to the lungs, whilst the left side pumps oxygen-rich blood around your body. Your heart's natural rhythm comes from special pacemaker cells in the right atrium that fire electrical impulses.
Blood vessels come in three types, each perfectly designed for their job. Arteries carry blood away from your heart at high pressure, so they need thick, elastic walls to handle the force. Capillaries are where the real action happens - they're only one cell thick so oxygen and nutrients can easily pass through to your tissues. Veins bring blood back to your heart at low pressure, but they've got clever one-way valves to stop blood flowing backwards.
Quick Tip: Remember the flow pattern - arteries away, capillaries exchange, veins return!
Blood Components
Blood might look like just red liquid, but it's actually a complex tissue made of different components floating in plasma. About 55% is plasma (mostly water with dissolved substances), whilst the remaining 45% consists of blood cells and other bits.
Red blood cells are the oxygen delivery trucks of your body. They're disc-shaped with dented sides to maximise surface area, and they're packed with haemoglobin - the red protein that actually carries oxygen. These cells are so specialised they don't even have a nucleus, making more room for haemoglobin.
White blood cells are your body's security team, fighting infections and diseases. They can actually change shape and squeeze out of blood vessels to hunt down harmful microorganisms. Platelets are tiny cell fragments that act like emergency repair crews - when you get a cut, they rush to the scene and form a clot to stop bleeding.
Did You Know?: A single drop of blood contains about 5 million red blood cells!
Plant Transport Systems
Plants might seem simple, but they've got their own sophisticated transport network that puts our postal service to shame! Leaves contain different types of tissue working together - palisade mesophyll for photosynthesis, spongy mesophyll for gas exchange, and protective epidermal tissue.
The real magic happens in the vascular bundles (veins) containing xylem and phloem. Xylem vessels are like water pipes - they're hollow tubes made from dead cells, strengthened with lignin to transport water and minerals from roots to leaves. Phloem tubes are the food delivery system, moving sugary cell sap around the plant through a process called translocation.
Transpiration is how plants lose water vapour through tiny holes called stomata. This creates a constant flow called the transpiration stream that pulls water up from the roots. Guard cells control the stomata, opening them for gas exchange during photosynthesis but closing them to conserve water when conditions are dry.
Remember: Factors that speed up transpiration include higher temperature, lower humidity, more wind, and brighter light!
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
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Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
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Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
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very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Animal and Plant Organization Explained
H
Habibah Narmah
@habibahnarmah_axui
Ever wondered how your body keeps you alive every second of the day? Your circulatory and respiratory systems work together like a perfectly coordinated delivery service, getting oxygen and nutrients to every cell whilst removing waste. Understanding how your heart,... Show more
The Heart and Circulation
Your heart is basically a powerful muscle pump that never gets a break - it beats about 100,000 times every day! In mammals like us, we've got a double circulatory system, which means blood takes two separate journeys: first to the lungs to pick up oxygen, then around your entire body to deliver it.
The heart has four chambers - two smaller atria that receive blood, and two larger ventricles that pump it out. The right side handles deoxygenated blood heading to the lungs, whilst the left side pumps oxygen-rich blood around your body. Your heart's natural rhythm comes from special pacemaker cells in the right atrium that fire electrical impulses.
Blood vessels come in three types, each perfectly designed for their job. Arteries carry blood away from your heart at high pressure, so they need thick, elastic walls to handle the force. Capillaries are where the real action happens - they're only one cell thick so oxygen and nutrients can easily pass through to your tissues. Veins bring blood back to your heart at low pressure, but they've got clever one-way valves to stop blood flowing backwards.
Quick Tip: Remember the flow pattern - arteries away, capillaries exchange, veins return!
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Blood Components
Blood might look like just red liquid, but it's actually a complex tissue made of different components floating in plasma. About 55% is plasma (mostly water with dissolved substances), whilst the remaining 45% consists of blood cells and other bits.
Red blood cells are the oxygen delivery trucks of your body. They're disc-shaped with dented sides to maximise surface area, and they're packed with haemoglobin - the red protein that actually carries oxygen. These cells are so specialised they don't even have a nucleus, making more room for haemoglobin.
White blood cells are your body's security team, fighting infections and diseases. They can actually change shape and squeeze out of blood vessels to hunt down harmful microorganisms. Platelets are tiny cell fragments that act like emergency repair crews - when you get a cut, they rush to the scene and form a clot to stop bleeding.
Did You Know?: A single drop of blood contains about 5 million red blood cells!
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Plant Transport Systems
Plants might seem simple, but they've got their own sophisticated transport network that puts our postal service to shame! Leaves contain different types of tissue working together - palisade mesophyll for photosynthesis, spongy mesophyll for gas exchange, and protective epidermal tissue.
The real magic happens in the vascular bundles (veins) containing xylem and phloem. Xylem vessels are like water pipes - they're hollow tubes made from dead cells, strengthened with lignin to transport water and minerals from roots to leaves. Phloem tubes are the food delivery system, moving sugary cell sap around the plant through a process called translocation.
Transpiration is how plants lose water vapour through tiny holes called stomata. This creates a constant flow called the transpiration stream that pulls water up from the roots. Guard cells control the stomata, opening them for gas exchange during photosynthesis but closing them to conserve water when conditions are dry.
Remember: Factors that speed up transpiration include higher temperature, lower humidity, more wind, and brighter light!
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We thought you’d never ask...
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Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
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Most popular content: Cardiovascular System
Most popular content in Biology
Most popular content
English - inspector calls quotes and analysis
Quotes from every main character
English Literature10
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user