Definition: DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division, maintaining genetic continuity.

Highlight: The semi-conservative replication process ensures that each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Example: During replication, DNA helicase unzips the double helix, allowing DNA polymerase to add complementary nucleotides to each separated strand.

Quote: "Replication is semi conservative (contains half the original strand, and half new)."

Definition: Nucleotides are the basic structural units of nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Example: A typical nucleotide formation involves the joining of deoxyribose sugar with a phosphate group and a base like thymine through condensation reactions, releasing water molecules.

Vocabulary: Condensation reaction - A chemical process where two molecules join together with the loss of a water molecule.

Highlight: The precise arrangement of phosphate groups, sugars, and bases is crucial for forming the complex structure of DNA and RNA molecules.