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The cold war
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4
0
Amala Seth
22/10/2025
Biology
Mitosis and The Cell Cycle
113
•
22 Oct 2025
•
Amala Seth
@amala_seth
Cell cycle and mitosisfundamentals guide detailing the stages, checkpoints,... Show more
The cell cycle consists of distinct phases regulated by crucial checkpoints. During interphase, cells grow and prepare for division through G1, S, and G2 phases, followed by mitosis (M phase).
Definition: The cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division that cells go through to produce new daughter cells.
Highlight: Cells can temporarily or permanently exit the cycle into G0 phase to become specialized.
Example: During G1, cells increase in size and produce RNA and proteins before DNA replication in S phase.
Vocabulary: Checkpoints are regulatory mechanisms ensuring proper cell cycle progression at G1, G2, and M phases.
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells through a series of carefully orchestrated stages. The process is essential for growth and repair of damaged tissues.
Definition: Mitosis is the process of nuclear division resulting in two genetically identical nuclei.
Highlight: Key stages include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Example: During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible as the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Vocabulary: Sister chromatids are identical copies of DNA joined at the centromere.
The final stages of mitosis involve precise chromosome separation and cytoplasmic division.
Definition: Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm following nuclear division.
Highlight: Plant cells undergo cytokinesis differently, forming a cell plate rather than pinching in.
Example: During anaphase, spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite poles using energy from mitochondria.
Disruptions in normal cell cycle regulation can lead to serious consequences, particularly cancer development.
Definition: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
Highlight: Tumor suppressor genes play a crucial role in preventing uncontrolled cell growth.
Example: UV light exposure can affect mitosis rates and potentially lead to cancer development.
Cancer treatments often target specific stages of the cell cycle to prevent tumor growth.
Definition: Chemotherapy drugs work by disrupting various stages of the cell cycle.
Highlight: Treatments can target DNA replication or spindle formation during mitosis.
Example: Hair loss during chemotherapy occurs because rapidly dividing hair follicle cells are also affected by treatment.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
Amala Seth
@amala_seth
Cell cycle and mitosis fundamentals guide detailing the stages, checkpoints, and relationship with cancer development.
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The cell cycle consists of distinct phases regulated by crucial checkpoints. During interphase, cells grow and prepare for division through G1, S, and G2 phases, followed by mitosis (M phase).
Definition: The cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division that cells go through to produce new daughter cells.
Highlight: Cells can temporarily or permanently exit the cycle into G0 phase to become specialized.
Example: During G1, cells increase in size and produce RNA and proteins before DNA replication in S phase.
Vocabulary: Checkpoints are regulatory mechanisms ensuring proper cell cycle progression at G1, G2, and M phases.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells through a series of carefully orchestrated stages. The process is essential for growth and repair of damaged tissues.
Definition: Mitosis is the process of nuclear division resulting in two genetically identical nuclei.
Highlight: Key stages include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Example: During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible as the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Vocabulary: Sister chromatids are identical copies of DNA joined at the centromere.
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The final stages of mitosis involve precise chromosome separation and cytoplasmic division.
Definition: Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm following nuclear division.
Highlight: Plant cells undergo cytokinesis differently, forming a cell plate rather than pinching in.
Example: During anaphase, spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite poles using energy from mitochondria.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Disruptions in normal cell cycle regulation can lead to serious consequences, particularly cancer development.
Definition: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
Highlight: Tumor suppressor genes play a crucial role in preventing uncontrolled cell growth.
Example: UV light exposure can affect mitosis rates and potentially lead to cancer development.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Cancer treatments often target specific stages of the cell cycle to prevent tumor growth.
Definition: Chemotherapy drugs work by disrupting various stages of the cell cycle.
Highlight: Treatments can target DNA replication or spindle formation during mitosis.
Example: Hair loss during chemotherapy occurs because rapidly dividing hair follicle cells are also affected by treatment.
Our AI Companion is a student-focused AI tool that offers more than just answers. Built on millions of Knowunity resources, it provides relevant information, personalised study plans, quizzes, and content directly in the chat, adapting to your individual learning journey.
You can download the app from Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Comprehensive study notes covering the stages of mitosis and meiosis, including key processes like crossing over, independent assortment, and the regulation of the cell cycle. Ideal for EDUQAS A Level Biology students preparing for exams. Understand the differences between diploid and haploid cells, and the significance of cell division in growth and genetic variation.
BiologyExplore the specialized structures of human sperm cells, focusing on the mid-piece's role in motility and energy production for successful fertilization. This summary covers key concepts in cell specialization and reproductive biology.
BiologyThis is a set of flashcards specifically created for cellular organelles from the specification.
BiologyExplore the male and female reproductive systems, including key processes like spermatogenesis and oogenesis, hormonal functions, and the pathways of gamete formation and fertilization. This summary provides essential insights into human reproduction, suitable for biology students.
BiologyExplore the intricacies of cell division, including mitosis and meiosis, and the specialization of cells in multicellular organisms. This summary covers key concepts such as stem cells, gametes, and the role of various cell types like erythrocytes and epithelial cells. Ideal for OCR A Level Biology students seeking to understand cellular processes and their significance in biology.
BiologyExplore the essential stages of the cell cycle, including interphase, mitosis, and meiosis. This summary covers key processes such as DNA replication, organelle duplication, and the significance of checkpoints in cell division. Ideal for GCSE and A Level students seeking a clear understanding of cellular processes.
BiologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good
Thomas R
iOS user
Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.
Basil
Android user
This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.
Rohan U
Android user
I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.
Xander S
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now
Paul T
iOS user
