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Cell biology
Biological molecules
Organisation
Infection and response
Energy transfers (a2 only)
Homeostasis and response
Responding to change (a2 only)
The control of gene expression (a-level only)
Substance exchange
Bioenergetics
Genetic information & variation
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Genetics & ecosystems (a2 only)
Ecology
Cells
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1c the tudors: england, 1485-1603
1l the quest for political stability: germany, 1871-1991
Inter-war germany
1f industrialisation and the people: britain, c1783-1885
Britain & the wider world: 1745 -1901
2n revolution and dictatorship: russia, 1917-1953
2j america: a nation divided, c1845-1877
The cold war
World war two & the holocaust
World war one
Medieval period: 1066 -1509
The fight for female suffrage
2m wars and welfare: britain in transition, 1906-1957
2d religious conflict and the church in england, c1529-c1570
Britain: 1509 -1745
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17/10/2023
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Mitosis WHAT IS MITOSIS? HOW ARE CHROMOSOMES REPLICATED? O naclear division chromosome of 10 2 identical daughter cells conting growth and repair ousexual reproduction. Chromatid. EARLY PROPHASE more distinct -coil up - Shorter - thicker • tame up staing more intensiy centriole division nucleolus less prominent. ANAPHASE 4 spindie fibres contract Centromere divides ochromatias pulled to opposite pole opullea centromere first. 1/2 cell recieves I chromatid from each chromosome. INTERPHASE EARLY PROPHASE 1 LATE PROPHASE Chromosomes distinct - 2 chromosomes joined to the centromere. • centrioles migrate to opposite poles. nucleolus shrinks and disappears o nuclear envolope disintergrates METAPHASE duplication in animal cells construction from cage of the cell centromere CYTOKINESIS 11 sister thromatics Daughter chromosomes 2 ocentrible at a pole ocentrioles produce spindle fibres ospinale fibres attach to contromere of chromosomes locentromere attached to both poles. ochromosomes pulled to metaphase plates. TELOPHASE ochromatias reach poles of spindle fibres ouncoil jo less distinct nuclear envolope reforms •daughter chromosomes. ocell division LATE PROPHASE METAPHASE duplicated Chromosome. mitosis in plant cells. ocell wall layed down • same genetic make up. ANAPHASE TELOPHAE 3 CYTOMEWISIS 5
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