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Updated Apr 6, 2026

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GCSE Basics of Genetics Biology

Nat

@womanb

Genetics is all about understanding how traits get passed down... Show more

# GENETICS

m
* codominant-the character for this allele shows up in the phenotype only is
the other allele is the same. It does not show

Essential Genetics Vocabulary

Genotype and phenotype are the foundation of genetics - think of genotype as your genetic recipe (the actual DNA code) and phenotype as the finished dish (what you actually look like or how you function). Your genotype is hidden inside your cells, whilst your phenotype is what everyone can see.

When it comes to alleles (different versions of the same gene), they don't all behave the same way. Dominant alleles are like that loud friend who always gets their way - they'll show up in your appearance even if there's only one copy. Recessive alleles are more polite and only show up when there are two copies present.

Homozygous means you've got two identical alleles for a trait (like AA or aa), whilst heterozygous means you've got two different ones (like Aa). Codominant alleles are special because both get to show off equally - think of blood type AB where both A and B appear together.

Quick Tip: Remember that mitosis makes identical cells (like photocopying), whilst meiosis makes genetically different gametes with half the chromosomes (essential for sexual reproduction). The sex chromosomes XX make you female, and XY make you male.

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GCSE Basics of Genetics Biology

Nat

@womanb

Genetics is all about understanding how traits get passed down from parents to offspring and why you might have your mum's eyes or your dad's height. These key terms will help you crack the genetic code and understand how DNA... Show more

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Essential Genetics Vocabulary

Quick Tip: Remember that mitosis makes identical cells (like photocopying), whilst meiosis makes genetically different gametes with half the chromosomes (essential for sexual reproduction). The sex chromosomes XX make you female, and XY make you male.