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How Your Body Works: Enzymes, Nutrients, Blood Cells, and Heart Health

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Brooke

28/06/2023

Biology

GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE BIOLOGY TOPIC 2 NOTES

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Biology

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Organisation

/

Animal organisation - digestion

/

Required practical activity - food tests

How Your Body Works: Enzymes, Nutrients, Blood Cells, and Heart Health

A comprehensive guide to the human digestive system and circulatory processes, focusing on digestive system enzymes and their functions, tests for detecting nutrients in food, blood cell functions and coronary heart disease.

  • The digestive system involves multiple organs working together through enzymatic processes
  • Key enzymes include amylase, protease, and lipase, each breaking down specific nutrients
  • Food testing methods help identify different nutrient types using specific chemical reagents
  • Blood components play vital roles in oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting
  • Coronary heart disease affects blood flow and heart muscle function through arterial blockage
...

28/06/2023

50

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

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Digestive enzymes play specific roles in breaking down different types of nutrients. Each enzyme has a particular substrate it acts upon and produces specific products.

Vocabulary: Substrate - the substance upon which an enzyme acts.

The three main digestive enzymes are:

  • Amylase: Converts starch to glucose
  • Protease: Breaks down proteins into amino acids
  • Lipase: Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

View

Food testing involves specific chemical reagents to identify different nutrients. Each test has distinct positive and negative results.

Example: Benedict's test for simple sugars shows an orange/green color when positive and remains blue when negative.

The main food tests include:

  • Benedict's test for simple sugars
  • Iodine test for starch
  • Ethanol test for lipids
  • Biuret test for proteins

Highlight: Each test has a specific color change indicating the presence or absence of the nutrient.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

View

Blood consists of several components, each with specific functions essential for life. Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help in blood clotting.

Definition: Plasma is the liquid component of blood that transports various substances including glucose, hormones, and waste products.

Highlight: White blood cells create antibodies and antitoxins to protect the body from infection.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

View

Coronary heart disease occurs when coronary arteries become blocked with fatty deposits, leading to reduced blood flow to heart muscles.

Definition: Coronary heart disease is a condition where reduced blood flow to the heart leads to decreased oxygen supply and reduced energy production.

Highlight: The reduction in blood flow affects the heart's ability to contract effectively.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

View

Blood vessels are specialized structures that transport blood throughout the body. Arteries and veins have different characteristics based on their functions.

Definition: Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure, while veins return blood to the heart at lower pressure.

Highlight: Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls due to the higher pressure they must withstand.

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Subjects

Biology

Organisation

Animal organisation - digestion

Required practical activity - food tests

 

Biology

•

50

•

9 Jul 2025

•

6 pages

How Your Body Works: Enzymes, Nutrients, Blood Cells, and Heart Health

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Brooke

@brooke_cdzg

A comprehensive guide to the human digestive system and circulatory processes, focusing on digestive system enzymes and their functions, tests for detecting nutrients in food, blood cell functions and coronary heart disease.

  • The digestive system involves multiple... Show more

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

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Digestive enzymes play specific roles in breaking down different types of nutrients. Each enzyme has a particular substrate it acts upon and produces specific products.

Vocabulary: Substrate - the substance upon which an enzyme acts.

The three main digestive enzymes are:

  • Amylase: Converts starch to glucose
  • Protease: Breaks down proteins into amino acids
  • Lipase: Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Definition: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Food testing involves specific chemical reagents to identify different nutrients. Each test has distinct positive and negative results.

Example: Benedict's test for simple sugars shows an orange/green color when positive and remains blue when negative.

The main food tests include:

  • Benedict's test for simple sugars
  • Iodine test for starch
  • Ethanol test for lipids
  • Biuret test for proteins

Highlight: Each test has a specific color change indicating the presence or absence of the nutrient.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Blood consists of several components, each with specific functions essential for life. Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help in blood clotting.

Definition: Plasma is the liquid component of blood that transports various substances including glucose, hormones, and waste products.

Highlight: White blood cells create antibodies and antitoxins to protect the body from infection.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

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Coronary heart disease occurs when coronary arteries become blocked with fatty deposits, leading to reduced blood flow to heart muscles.

Definition: Coronary heart disease is a condition where reduced blood flow to the heart leads to decreased oxygen supply and reduced energy production.

Highlight: The reduction in blood flow affects the heart's ability to contract effectively.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Blood vessels are specialized structures that transport blood throughout the body. Arteries and veins have different characteristics based on their functions.

Definition: Arteries carry blood away from the heart at high pressure, while veins return blood to the heart at lower pressure.

Highlight: Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls due to the higher pressure they must withstand.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEN Salivary gland produces amylase enzyme in the saliva. liver: bule is produced, neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

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Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

The digestive system is a complex network of organs working together to break down food into usable nutrients. Each organ has specific functions and produces different enzymes essential for digestion. The process begins in the mouth with salivary amylase and continues through various organs including the stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines.

Definition: The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.

Highlight: The liver produces bile which serves two crucial functions: neutralizing stomach acid and emulsifying fats.

Example: The stomach produces both hydrochloric acid and pepsin enzyme, creating the perfect environment for protein digestion.

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Paul T

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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user